Models of Ammonia Excretion for Brook Trout (<i>Salvelinus fontinalis</i>) and Rainbow Trout (<i>Salmo gairdneri</i>)

Paulson, Larry J.

doi:10.1139/f80-181

Cited by 50 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…We logged terms (base 10) and used ordinary least squares (OLS) regression (SPSS, version 12.0.1) to create a predictive allometric cutthroat trout and lake trout excretion model based on individual dry mass. The slope of our cutthroat trout and lake trout model (0.70 using reduced major axis linear regression for comparison only) was similar to other slopes measured for Bonneville cutthroat trout (0.71; Oncorhynchus clarkii utah), kokanee salmon (0.96; Oncorhynchus nerka; Wheeler et al 2014), rainbow trout (0.62; Oncorhynchus mykiss), brook trout (0.47; Salvelinus fontinalis; Paulson 1980, Sereda et al 2008, and brown trout (0.75; Salmo trutta; Villéger et al 2012). Reduced major axis linear regression allows biologically interpreting the slope parameter in a symmetric relationship (Warton et al 2006) whereas our predictive allometric OLS model allowed us to estimate the excretion rate based on the trout mass.…”

Section: Excretion Fluxes In Yellowstone Lake and Clear Creeksupporting

confidence: 74%

Introduced lake trout alter nitrogen cycling beyond Yellowstone Lake

2015

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Citation: Tronstad, L. M., R. O. Hall Jr., and T. M. Koel. 2015. Introduced lake trout alter nitrogen cycling beyond Yellowstone Lake. Ecosphere 6(11):224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/ES14-00544.1Abstract. Introduced predators can have large effects on the ecosystem in which they were introduced, but how much these effects extend to other ecosystems beyond the invaded one is less known. We compared how lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) affected nutrient cycling in an invaded and adjacent ecosystem in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA. Introduced lake trout in Yellowstone Lake caused the native Yellowstone cutthroat trout (Oncoryhynchus clarkii bouvieri ) population to decline. Native cutthroat trout are a dominant animal in the lake and may alter nutrient cycling in both Yellowstone Lake where they reside and in tributary streams used for spawning. We estimated changes in nutrient transport and nutrient uptake in both Yellowstone Lake and Clear Creek, a spawning stream, before and after the invasion of lake trout. Annual area-specific excretion fluxes from cutthroat trout were nine times higher in Clear Creek compared to Yellowstone Lake when cutthroat trout were abundant. However, fluxes within the lake and stream were similar after cutthroat trout declined. In Yellowstone Lake, zooplankton excretion supplied 86% of ammonium (NH 4 þ ) that was taken up, but cutthroat trout only supplied ,0.3% after the introduction of lake trout. Conversely, NH 4 þ excreted by cutthroat trout was likely a major flux in ClearCreek, because NH 4 þ fluxes from cutthroat trout exceeded watershed export of NH 4 þ in years when .3000 cutthroat trout spawned. Furthermore, NH 4 þ excretion fluxes from spawning cutthroat trout in ClearCreek supplied up to 6.1% of the NH 4 þ demanded by microbes after the introduction of lake trout.However, based on modeled past NH 4 þ uptake, we estimated that up to 60% of NH 4 þ excreted by spawning cutthroat trout may have been taken up by stream microbes when cutthroat trout were abundant. Therefore, transported NH 4 þ from spawning cutthroat trout was likely an integral part of N cycling in tributary streams in the past. By comparing the effects of declining cutthroat trout on two ecosystems, we show that lake trout had a larger effect on N cycling within an adjacent stream ecosystem than the invaded lake ecosystem itself, because the migratory behavior of cutthroat trout concentrated them in spawning streams increasing their effect.

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Section: Excretion Fluxes In Yellowstone Lake and Clear Creeksupporting

confidence: 74%

Introduced lake trout alter nitrogen cycling beyond Yellowstone Lake

2015

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“…Trout were observed feeding everywhere ants occurred at the surface, but it is known that trout generally frequent the more central, deeper waters of Castle Lake during summer (Paulson, 1977) . Moreover, excretion lags 7-8 hours after ingestion (Paulson, 1980) . We conclude that ant nitrogen was translocated by trout from a broad area at the surface to a relatively narrow column of water at the center of the lake .…”

Section: Observations and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a massive swarm of ants on ammonium concentrations in a subalpine lake

Carlton

Goldman

1984

Hydrobiologia

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On two occasions in August 1979, massive aerial swarms of Lasius alienus (Foerster) (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) occurred over Castle Lake, California . Each event resulted in the delivery of millions of ants to the lake surface . Consumption and subsequent excretion by fish, in addition to direct release from ants, produced a brief, but marked increase in water column ammonium levels . Castle Lake phytoplankton are often nitrogen limited and possess a high affinity for ammonium . The events and effects are described and discussed with respect to nutrient limitation in an unproductive ecosystem .

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“…The combined effects of temperature and of body weight on ammonia excretion have k e n demonstrated in several teleosts (Guerin-Ancey 1976;Paulson 1980; Jobling 198 1 ). 111 our trials, the highest temperature used (28°C) was much beiow the maximum tolerable limit for young stages of carp (Tatarko 1970).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of Nitrogen Excretion and Oxygen Consumption During Ontogenesis of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Kaushik¹,

Dąbrowski²,

Luquet³

1982

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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By monitoring nitrogen (ammonia and urea) excretion and oxygen consumption in a continuous manner during early development (from 18 to 350 degree days) of common carp, Cyprinus carpio, we noted high rates of ammonia-N excretion (> 100 and > 50 μgN∙h−1∙103 eggs−1) and of oxygen consumption (> 1 and > 2.5 mg∙h−1∙103 eggs−1) at hatching and at the onset of free-swimming stages, respectively. There was a diurnal rhythm in metabolic activity. The relative proportions of urea-N and ammonia-N varied during early development; the mean urea-N excretion rate amounted to 21.9 ± 8.7% of total nitrogen, and there was no significant difference between embryonic and postembryonic stages. Fasted free-swimming larvae exhibited increased metabolic activity just before the onset of massive mortality (> 75 μg N∙h−1∙103 eggs−1 and > 2 mg O2∙h−1∙103 eggs−1 of nitrogen excretion and oxygen consumption, respectively). Ammonia excretion rates increased with temperature, the Q10's being 2.36, 2.33, and 3.53 during embryonic, hatching, and free-swimming stages, respectively.Key words: carp, ontogenesis, nitrogen excretion, ammonia, urea, oxygen consumption, temperature, diurnal rhythm

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Models of Ammonia Excretion for Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

Cited by 50 publications

References 0 publications

Introduced lake trout alter nitrogen cycling beyond Yellowstone Lake

Introduced lake trout alter nitrogen cycling beyond Yellowstone Lake

Effects of a massive swarm of ants on ammonium concentrations in a subalpine lake

Patterns of Nitrogen Excretion and Oxygen Consumption During Ontogenesis of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)

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