Post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) following SARS-CoV-2 infection (also known as long COVID) describes a variety of symptoms and health conditions, including both direct and indirect effects of the virus.The constellation of symptoms was initially identified by members of the public on social media in May 2020. 1 As recurrent waves of COVID-19 have led to large numbers of infections and reinfections, PCC has garnered increased attention from policy makers, clinicians, and the public.To date, more than 200 signs and symptoms and 50 health conditions have been identified in PCC. 2 In a US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention study, new-onset symptoms consistent with PCC were reported by 38.2% of adults with and 16.0% of adults without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection-greater than a 2-fold increased risk after prior infection. 3 Beyond impaired health and suffering, the enormous medical spending and earning losses attributable to PCC in the US may measure in the trillions of dollars. 4 Therefore, PCC is a defining challenge for health care systems.A study in this issue of JAMA Health Forum by DeVries and colleagues directly addresses this evolving public health challenge. 5 The study of US adults in a large commercial insurance database describes markedly increased risks of adverse cardiovascular events and excess all-cause mortality in the postacute phase of COVID-19. These findings, together with increasing evidence of long-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infections spanning a wide range of organ systems, 6 call for enhanced and extended health monitoring of individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infections and raise questions about public health goals at this stage of the pandemic.DeVries and colleagues used propensity score matching on a comprehensive set of variables in commercial insurance claims to compare a cohort of 13 435 persons who had experienced PCC symptoms with a cohort of 26 870 persons without evidence of COVID-19. 5 Additional analyses were conducted among persons who had experienced PCC and been hospitalized within a month of SARS-CoV-2 infection. For both analyses, claims-based utilization tied to cardiovascular disorders, chronic respiratory disorders, and mortality over 12 months were compared between cohorts.Between 1 month and 12 months postinfection, individuals who had experienced COVID-19 exhibited increased incident cardiovascular disease relative to those who had not, including more than a doubling in the relative risk (RR) of pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis (8.0% vs 2.2%; RR, 3.64), cardiac arrhythmias (29.5% vs 12.5%; RR, 2.35), and ischemic stroke (3.9% vs 1.8%; RR, 2.17). Individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infections also experienced a comparable relative increase in all-cause mortality (2.8% vs 1.2%) during the 12-month follow-up period. Even greater increases in the RRs of these adverse outcomes were observed among individuals hospitalized within a month of SARS-CoV-2 infection.The findings of DeVries and colleagues 5 extend those of several recently published studies of postacute cardiovascu...