Models of Functional Organization of the Lateral Prefrontal Cortex in Verbal Working Memory: Evidence in Favor of the Process Model

Barde, Laura H.F.; Thompson-Schill, Sharon L.

doi:10.1162/089892902320474508

Cited by 78 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Our findings are consistent with several studies that reported increased DLPFC activation during "manipulation" tasks that required participants to modify the sequential relationships among items that are currently active in WM Wagner et al, 2001b;Barde and Thompson-Schill, 2002). DLPFC activation has also been reported in studies investigating "chunking," which involves processing of relationships to build higher-level groupings among items that are active in WM (Bor et al, 2004).…”

Section: Dlpfc and Wm Processingsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Several neuroimaging studies have implicated the left VLPFC in linguistic control processes (Wagner et al, 2001a;Barde and Thompson-Schill, 2002;Gold and Buckner, 2002). According to one account (Poldrack et al, 1999;Wagner et al, 2001a), the left aVLPFC (BA 45 and 47) implements controlled retrieval and maintenance of semantic information, whereas the left pVLPFC (BA 6 and 44) implements controlled retrieval and maintenance of phonological information [for alternative viewpoints, see Barde and Thompson-Schill (2002) and Gold and Buckner (2002)].…”

Section: Vlpfc Subregions Involved In Encodingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to one account (Poldrack et al, 1999;Wagner et al, 2001a), the left aVLPFC (BA 45 and 47) implements controlled retrieval and maintenance of semantic information, whereas the left pVLPFC (BA 6 and 44) implements controlled retrieval and maintenance of phonological information [for alternative viewpoints, see Barde and Thompson-Schill (2002) and Gold and Buckner (2002)]. Consistent with this model, we found that the left pV-LPFC exhibited delay-period activation during both rehearse and reorder trials (both engaged phonological processing), whereas the left aVLPFC exhibited delay-period activation specifically during reorder trials (which additionally engaged semantic processing).…”

Section: Vlpfc Subregions Involved In Encodingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Promotes Long-Term Memory Formation through Its Role in Working Memory Organization

Blumenfeld¹,

Ranganath²

2006

J. Neurosci.

348

256

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Results from neuroimaging studies have shown that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) implements processes critical for organizing items in working memory (WM). Based on its role in WM, we hypothesized that the DLPFC should contribute to long-term memory (LTM) formation by strengthening associations among items that are organized in WM. We conducted an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study to test this hypothesis by investigating prefrontal activity during performance of two different WM tasks: on "rehearse" trials, participants actively maintained triplets of words during a brief delay, whereas on "reorder" trials, participants actively organized each triplet during the delay. After scanning, subjects performed an LTM test on words presented during both WM conditions. Behavioral results showed that WM processing in the reorder condition enhanced LTM by strengthening inter-item associations. fMRI results showed that DLPFC activity specifically during reorder trials was predictive of subsequent LTM. In contrast, activity in the posterior ventrolateral prefrontal cortex was predictive of LTM for words studied on both reorder and rehearse trials. These results support the view that the DLPFC contributes to LTM formation through its role in organization of information in WM.

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Section: Dlpfc and Wm Processingsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Vlpfc Subregions Involved In Encodingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vlpfc Subregions Involved In Encodingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Promotes Long-Term Memory Formation through Its Role in Working Memory Organization

Blumenfeld¹,

Ranganath²

2006

J. Neurosci.

348

256

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“…Many of the frontal and parietal regions activated by the naming task showed this general sensitivity to time on task regardless of the particular reading condition. Many of these areas, including the IFG bilaterally, left precentral sulcus, and IPS, have been linked in prior studies to working memory processes (e.g., Barde and Thompson-Schill, 2002 LaBar et al, 1999;Paulesu et al, 1993;Smith et al, 1998;Wager and Smith, 2003). Others, including the FEF, anterior cingulate gyrus, and IPS, are the principal components of a well-described frontoparietal attention network (e.g., Adler et al, 2001;Corbetta and Shulman, 2002;Gitelman et al, 1999;Kastner and Ungerleider, 2000;LaBar et al, 1999;Mesulam, 1999;Yantis et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Some neurophysiological constraints on models of word naming

et al. 2005

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The pronunciation of irregular words in deep orthographies like English cannot be specified by simple rules. On the other hand, the fact that novel letter strings can be pronounced seems to imply the existence of such rules. These facts motivate dual-route models of word naming, which postulate separate lexical (whole-word) and non-lexical (rulebased) mechanisms for accessing phonology. We used fMRI during oral naming of irregular words, regular words, and nonwords, to test this theory against a competing single-mechanism account known as the triangle model, which proposes that all words are handled by a single system containing distributed orthographic, phonological, and semantic codes rather than word codes. Two versions of the dual-route model were distinguished: an dexclusiveT version in which activation of one processing route predominates over the other, and a dparallelT version in which both routes are equally activated by all words. The fMRI results provide no support for the exclusive dual-route model. Several frontal, insular, anterior cingulate, and parietal regions showed responses that increased with naming difficulty (nonword > irregular word > regular word) and were correlated with response time, but there was no activation consistent with the predicted response of a nonlexical, rule-based mechanism (i.e., nonword > regular word > irregular word). Several regions, including the angular gyrus and dorsal prefrontal cortex bilaterally, left ventromedial temporal lobe, and posterior cingulate gyrus, were activated more by words than nonwords, but these dlexical routeT regions were equally active for irregular and regular words. The results are compatible with both the parallel dual-route model and the triangle model. dLexical routeT regions also showed effects of word imageability. Together with previous imaging studies using semantic task contrasts, the imageability effects are consistent with semantic processing in these brain regions, suggesting that word naming is partly semantically-mediated. D 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Keywords: Word naming; Dual-route model; Triangle model IntroductionThe correspondence between spoken and written forms of a language is not always systematic. While in some alphabetic orthographies the sound of a word can be worked out using rules of pronunciation, in most, there are varying degrees of irregularity in the mapping between print and sound. In English, for example, Bernard Shaw pointed out that the word ''fish'' could be written ghoti if one were mischievous enough to borrow the spelling for /f/ from rough, the spelling of /I/ from women, and the spelling of /sh/ from nation. Words like colonel and yacht are only some of the more extreme examples of such irregularity of pronunciation, which is pervasive in English and is seen in many of its more common words, including some, many, of, the, and word just used in this sentence.While the pronunciation of these dirregularT words would seem to be learned through rote memorization of the whole word, there is...

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“…This three-component model applies to several types of verbal materials, including letters (e.g., Awh et al, 1996;Cohen et al, 1994;Schumacher et al, 1996), digits (Petrides et al, 1993), pseudowords (Barde and Thompson-Schill, 2002), and words (Clark et al, 2000;Crosson et al, 1999). However, it is not known whether WM in second language (L2) involves this cognitive -neural system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping of verbal working memory in nonfluent Chinese–English bilinguals with functional MRI

et al. 2004

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Existing cognitive and neural imaging studies have suggested a frontoparietal network of multiple, cooperative components for verbal working memory (WM). We used functional MRI to investigate whether this neural network is also involved in the processing of second language by nonfluent bilinguals. Twelve (five males, seven females) native Chinese speakers who had limited English proficiency were scanned while performing working memory tasks in Chinese and English. They were asked to make judgment continuously whether the word presented on the screen was semantically related to (i.e., the semantic tasks) another word presented two words earlier. On a different task (i.e., the phonological tasks), they were asked to make judgment whether the target word rhymed with the other word. A naming and judgment task in each language was adopted to control for the visual process, initial lexical process, and motor responses. Behavioral data showed that subjects performed better at tasks in their native language (Chinese, L1) than in English (L2). Imaging results showed that all working memory tasks in both L1 and L2 elicited a very similar pattern of left-hemisphere-dominated activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, pars opercularis region, pars triangularis region, precentral cortex, and parietal lobule. Consistent with the behavioral data, the volume of activation in the left opercularis region, left parietal lobule, and right precentral region was greater for L2 than for L1. These results suggest that working memory in L1 and L2 is mediated by a unitary neural system (i.e., frontoparietal region), which is capable of recruiting surrounding cortical resources to meet the increased computational demand caused by low L2 proficiency.

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Models of Functional Organization of the Lateral Prefrontal Cortex in Verbal Working Memory: Evidence in Favor of the Process Model

Cited by 78 publications

References 28 publications

Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Promotes Long-Term Memory Formation through Its Role in Working Memory Organization

Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Promotes Long-Term Memory Formation through Its Role in Working Memory Organization

Some neurophysiological constraints on models of word naming

Mapping of verbal working memory in nonfluent Chinese–English bilinguals with functional MRI

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