Models of Service Delivery

Edgerton, Jill

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-3512-2_13

Cited by 22 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Some proposed differences relate directly to clinical practice. Edgerton (1983) identified as unique rural qualities a "frontier" independence, lack of interest in institutionalized services, and some antipathy towards middle-class, urban practices that focus on self-reflection. Such differences may exacerbate the problems of underservice cited earlier.…”

Section: Distinct Qualities and Experiences Of Rural Clientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practising Psychology in Rural Settings: Issues and Guidelines.

Barbopoulos¹,

Clark²

2003

Canadian Psychology / Psychologie canadienne

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Rural practice presents important yet challenging issues for psychology, especially given the North American and international distribution of the population, levels of need for psychological services in rural settings, limited availability of rural services, and migration of rural residents to urban centres. Direct service issues include the need to accommodate a wide variety of mental health difficulties, issues related to client privacy and boundaries, and practical challenges. Indirect service issues include the greater need for diverse professional activities, including collaborative work with professionals having different orientations and beliefs, program development and evaluation, and conducting research with few mentors or peer collaborators. Professional training and development issues include lack of specialized relevant courses and placements, and such personal issues as limited opportunities for recreation and culture, and lack of privacy. Psychology will need to address more fully these complex issues if rural residents are to receive equitable treatment and services.Psychologists who practice in rural settings face many challenges, including geographic issues, unique qualities of rural residents, and considerable need for but lesser availability of services. We document these and other challenges, suggest how psychologists can adapt to rural settings, and identify areas for further research. The paper reviews literature in rural psychology and related areas (e.g., community psychology, rural sociology), and is illustrated by experiences working in rural and northern Manitoba. The issues are also relevant to urban practitioners wishing to adapt services to clients who have migrated from rural settings. Although the world is increasingly urban, many people remain in rural areas (Murray & Keller, 1991). The last Canadian census (Statistics Canada, 1996) classified 22.1% of Canadians as rural, a total of over 6.3 million people. The percentage rural varied from 55.8% for Prince Edward Island to 16.7% for Ontario, but even the latter figure represented 2 million people. In 1990, 24.8% of the U.S. population was rural, representing over 60 million people (Ricketts, Johnson-Webb, & Randolph, 1999).The number and percentage of people in rural areas is even more dramatic globally, which is relevant to international development and training practitioners for non-Western countries. In 1990 (United Nations, 1991), the percent of people in nonurban regions was over 66% for Oceania (excluding Australia and New Zealand), Asia (excluding Japan), and Africa, and was 25-35% for Eastern and Southern Europe, the USSR, Latin America, North America, and Japan. The figures were under 20% only for Western and Northern Europe, and Australia and New Zealand. Even the relatively low percentages still represented large numbers of rural citizens. International statistics also showed a strong association between ruralness and economic development, with the percent nonurban decreasing markedly from least (80%) to most (27%) ...

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Section: Distinct Qualities and Experiences Of Rural Clientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practising Psychology in Rural Settings: Issues and Guidelines.

Barbopoulos¹,

Clark²

2003

Canadian Psychology / Psychologie canadienne

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“…D'Augelli (1982) suggested that the shortage of professionals in rural areas leads to greater potential for the use of indigenous helpers to develop natural helping networks (Gottlieb, 1983;Kelley, Kelley, Gauron, & Rawlings, 1977). HoUister and his associates (Edgerton, 1983;Hollister, Edgerton, & Hunter, 1985) also believe that a rural model of service requires a shift away from direct treatment toward services that are supportive of individuals, their families, and the natural caregivers already present in the client's environment. This model, combined with the administrative realities of rural population dispersement, creates a demand for psychologists who are prepared to support innovative service roles in rural areas.…”

Section: Urban Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychology and rural America: Current status and future directions.

Murray¹,

Keller²

1991

American Psychologist

112

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Rural people constitute about one fourth of the U.S. population, and their special mental health needs have been largely neglected. For a variety of reasons psychologists have focused little attention on this group. Recent economic developments affecting agriculture, farm families, and rural communities have increased awareness of problems facing rural areas. Psychologists can respond to the unique challenges created by rural mental health needs through research on stress, psychopathology, and community well-being. Training programs should be encouraged to recognize rural concerns. Psychologists are needed to practice in rural areas and to help develop effective rural service models. They can also support the development of state and federal policies that address rural needs.

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“…The evolution of mental health services in rural areas prior to 1980 has been covered elsewhere (e.g., Wagenfeld & Gage, 1986). Edgerton (1983) has provided a very useful overview of the organization of the mental health system in rural areas. Suffice it to say that rural community mental health centers (CMHCs) experienced the same general resource deficit, relative to their urban counterparts, that has been mentioned earlier.…”

Section: The Organization and Delivery Of Mental Health Services In Rmentioning

confidence: 99%