Moderate chilling requirement controls budburst for subtropical species in China

Du, Yanjun; Pan, Yuanqi; Ma, Keping

doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.107693

Cited by 49 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Our results suggest that increased exposure to chilling lessens the time to flowering and reduces the GDD requirements of the studied species. Such a chilling effect was also reported by other experimental studies done on leaf or flower budburst of other woody species (Okie and Blackburn, 2011;Vitasse and Basler, 2013;Pletsers et al, 2015;Man et al, 2017;Du et al, 2019). For example, in Ontario, Canada, the amount of heat required for leaf budburst of seven species decreased progressively with cumulative chilling hours (Man et al, 2017).…”

Section: Effects Of Chillingsupporting

confidence: 77%

The Interactive Effects of Chilling, Photoperiod, and Forcing Temperature on Flowering Phenology of Temperate Woody Plants

Wang

et al. 2020

Front. Plant Sci.

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The effects of winter chilling, spring forcing temperature, and photoperiod on spring phenology are well known for many European and North American species, but the environmental cues that regulate the spring phenology of East Asian species have not yet been thoroughly investigated. Here, we conducted a growth chamber experiment to test the effects of chilling (controlled by different lengths of exposure to natural chilling conditions), forcing temperature (12, 15, or 18°C) and photoperiod (14 or 10 h) on first flowering date (FFD) of six woody species (three shrubs and three trees) native to East Asia. The three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) separately for each species showed that the effects of chilling and forcing temperature were significant for almost all species (P < 0.05). Averaged over all chilling and photoperiod treatments, the number of days until FFD decreased by 2.3-36.1 days when the forcing temperature increased by 3°C. More chilling days reduced the time to FFD by 0.7-26 days, when averaged over forcing and photoperiod treatments. A longer photoperiod could advance the FFD by 1.0-5.6 days, on average, but its effect was only significant for two species (including one tree and one shrub). The effects of forcing temperature and photoperiod interacted with chilling for half of the studied species, being stronger in the low chilling than high chilling treatment. These results could be explained by the theory and model of growing degree-days (GDD). Increased exposure to chilling coupled to a longer photoperiod reduced the GDD requirement for FFD, especially when plants grew under low chilling conditions. However, shrubs (except Viburnum dilatatum) had lower chilling and heat requirements than trees, suggesting that, by leafing out sooner, they engage in a more opportunistic life strategy to maximize their growing season, especially before canopy closure from trees' foliage. Our results confirmed the varying effects of these three cues on the flowering phenology of woody species native to East Asia. In future climate change scenarios, spring warming is likely to advance the spring phenology of those woody species, although the reduced chilling and shorter photoperiod may partly offset this spring warming effect.

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Section: Effects Of Chillingsupporting

confidence: 77%

The Interactive Effects of Chilling, Photoperiod, and Forcing Temperature on Flowering Phenology of Temperate Woody Plants

Wang

et al. 2020

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…Therefore, dormancy phenomenon in tropical and subtropical trees should be further examined experimentally (Hänninen et al ., 2018) and statistically. A recent climate chamber experiment implemented by 37 subtropical woody species in Gutianshan Nature Reserve (China) showed that bud endodormancy of subtropical plants needs to fulfil chilling requirements to be broken (Du et al ., 2019), which supports our statistical findings and earlier process‐based modelling (Chen et al ., 2017a). Namely, spring phenology of Melia azedarach is controlled by both chilling and forcing temperatures.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The detected positive correlation between accumulated temperature during the negative effect phase and mean temperature during the positive effect phase confirms the compensating effects of chilling requirements to forcing requirements detected by previous statistical analyses and process‐based modelling in temperate zones (Cannell and Smith, 1983; Murray et al ., 1989; Kramer, 1994; Chuine et al ., 1999). That is, a lower mean temperature during the positive effect phase may fulfil chilling requirements of buds, and lead to a decrease in forcing requirements of buds and an advancement in budburst, leaf‐out and flowering, which was also supported by the recent climate chamber experiments (Du et al ., 2019; Song et al ., 2020). They found that low chilling treatments advanced budburst and reduced forcing requirements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We note that the negative temperature effect on budburst, first leaf unfolding, and first flowering were detected at all stations but the positive temperature effect on these three phenophases were only detected at 51% to 78% of stations (with more in colder locations than in warmer locations). This implies that Melia azedarach spring phenology in southern subtropical and tropical zones may not be influenced by chilling temperature to a large extent (Borchert et al ., 2005; Du et al ., 2019). Moreover, the number of stations with the positive temperature effect is larger for the earlier occurring phenophases (such as budburst) than later occurring phenophases (such as first flowering), which is consistent with simulation results of spring phenology of Melia azedarach using process‐based models.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Examining spring phenological responses to temperature variations during different periods in subtropical and tropical China

Qian

Chen

Lang

et al. 2020

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Using ground observed Melia azedarach budburst, first leaf unfolding, and first flowering dates and daily mean temperature data (1981 to 2014) at 37 stations in China's subtropical and tropical zones, we identified the positive and negative temperature effects on spring phenology from winter and spring, and their spatial and seasonal variations. Then, we grouped the spatial variations into temperature effect phases. Lastly, we examined relationships between mean temperature during the positive effect phase and effective accumulated temperature during the negative effect phase. Results show that Melia azedarach spring phenology is positively influenced (delayed) by preseason winter temperatures and negatively influenced (advanced) by preseason spring tempera

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“…This chilling requirement was previously found by Coville (1920), and since then it has been addressed in numerous studies, with both horticultural crops and forest trees (Fuchigami et al, 1982;H€ anninen, 2016). Quite surprisingly, it took about 100 years before Du et al (2019) and Song et al (2020) first addressed this research topic with regard to the subtropical zone. They showed experimentally that the 37 subtropical woody plant species they examined also show endodormancy and a chilling requirement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A hundred years after: endodormancy and the chilling requirement in subtropical trees

Jewaria

Hänninen

et al. 2021

New Phytologist

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Endodormancy and the related chilling requirement synchronize the seasonal development of trees from the boreal and temperate regions under the climatic conditions prevailing at their native growing sites. The phenomenon of endodormancy has been known at the whole-plant level for 100 years, and in the last couple of decades, insights into the physiological and molecular basis of endodormancy and its release have also been obtained. Intriguingly, recent studies have shown experimentally that subtropical trees also show endodormancy and a chilling requirement. Motivated by the climatic differences between the subtropical and more northern zones, here we address the similarities and differences in endodormancy between trees growing in the subtropical zone and those growing in more northern zones.

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Moderate chilling requirement controls budburst for subtropical species in China

Cited by 49 publications

References 46 publications

The Interactive Effects of Chilling, Photoperiod, and Forcing Temperature on Flowering Phenology of Temperate Woody Plants

The Interactive Effects of Chilling, Photoperiod, and Forcing Temperature on Flowering Phenology of Temperate Woody Plants

Examining spring phenological responses to temperature variations during different periods in subtropical and tropical China

A hundred years after: endodormancy and the chilling requirement in subtropical trees

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