Moderate exercise improves leucocyte function and decreases inflammation in diabetes

Abstract

SummaryThe genesis and progression of diabetes occur due in part to an uncontrolled inflammation profile with insulin resistance, increased serum levels of free fatty acids (FFA), proinflammatory cytokines and leucocyte dysfunction. In this study, an investigation was made of the effect of a 3-week moderate exercise regimen on a treadmill (60% of VO2max, 30 min/day, 6 days a week) on inflammatory markers and leucocyte functions in diabetic rats. The exercise decreased serum levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-a (6%), cytokineinduced neutrophil chemotactic factor 2 alpha/beta (CINC-2a/b) (9%), interleukin (IL)-1b (34%), IL-6 (86%), C-reactive protein (CRP) (41%) and FFA (40%) in diabetic rats when compared with sedentary diabetic animals. Exercise also attenuated the increased responsiveness of leucocytes from diabetics when compared to controls, diminishing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) release by neutrophils (21%) and macrophages (28%). Exercise did not change neutrophil migration and the proportion of neutrophils and macrophages in necrosis (loss of plasma membrane integrity) and apoptosis (DNA fragmentation). Serum activities of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were not modified in the conditions studied. Therefore, physical training did not alter the integrity of muscle cells. We conclude that moderate physical exercise has marked anti-inflammatory effects on diabetic rats. This may be an efficient strategy to protect diabetics against microorganism infection, insulin resistance and vascular complications.

Six-week anaerobic training improves proteolytic profile of diabetic rats

“…The training has provoked a hypoglycemic effect, which can be found in different studies involving ex perimental and clinical model of diabetes (20,21), however, few studies have focused on protocols using longterm anaerobic training. Various studies have fo cused on the training program involving aerobic exer cise and/or combined exercise (aerobic plus anaerobic exercise) (17,2123). In this way, a detailed investiga tion about anaerobic training's effect on the glycemic profile and physiological mechanisms is very important to understand if and/or how exercise can improve the deleterious condition of diabetic state.…”

Efeito do exercício resistido na redução do edema, nocicepção e regeneração nervosa em um modelo de compressão do nervo isquiático

“…Esta foi a conclusão do estudo de Belotto et al [25], que testou o efeito do exercício de natação na alodínia ao frio e hiperalgesia ao calor, num modelo de ciatalgia, em ratos Sprague-Dawley e camundongos CD1. Observaram que em 18 a 25 dias de natação após lesão nervosa diminuiu a alodínia ao frio e a hiperalgesia térmica nos animais, e já com sete dias de natação, diminuiu a hiperalgesia térmica [25].…”

The importance of the cellular stress response in the pathogenesis and treatment of type 2 diabetes

“…AMPK is a key regulator of skeletal muscle metabolism and gene expression and is believed to be an important signaling molecule for adaptations caused by exercise training (Russell et al 2014;Richter and Hargreaves 2013). Furthermore, exercise is known to have an anti-inflammatory effect with reduce proinflammatory cytokines in obese and diabetic humans (Belotto et al 2010;TeixeiradeLemos et al 2009;Petersen and Pedersen 2006;Gielen et al 2003). Moreover, acute exercise reduces JNK activity and restores insulin sensitivity by modulating IRS (pSER) in humans (Pauli et al 2010;Kiraly et al 2010;Teixeira-Lemos et al 2011) rat models (Kiraly et al 2010;Ropelle et al 2006;Berdichevsky et al 2010), and cell cultures (Berdichevsky et al 2010).…”