Moderate-Intensity Exercise Reduces the Incidence of Colds Among Postmenopausal Women

Chubak, Jessica; McTiernan, Anne; Sorensen, Bess; Wener, Mark H.; Yasui, Yutaka; Velasquez, Mariebeth; Wood, Brent L.; Rajan, Kumar B.; Wetmore, Catherine M.; Potter, John D.; Ulrich, Cornelia M.

doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.06.033

Cited by 82 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The degree of gargling Other interventions A variety of other interventions have been studied for the prevention of the common cold. Studies of exercise, 41 garlic 42,43 and homeopathy 44−46 showed unclear evidence of benefit, whereas those of vitamin D 48,49 and echinacea 50 showed no evidence of benefit. Vitamin C 47 may provide some benefit in people under physical stress (e.g., marathon runners or soldiers in subarctic environments), but no meaningful benefit has been shown for the average patient.…”

Section: Garglingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention and treatment of the common cold: making sense of the evidence

Allan

Arroll

2014

CMAJ

166

136

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Section: Garglingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention and treatment of the common cold: making sense of the evidence

Allan

Arroll

2014

CMAJ

166

136

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Chubak et al 1 reported that moderate intensity exercise training reduced common cold incidence but had no effect on the total incidence of upper respiratory infections. As a motivation for the trial, they cited two randomized 3-4 month trials 2,3 which, however, did not find statistically significant effect on upper respiratory infection incidence from moderate exercise, but the studies were small (N 36).…”

Section: To the Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 In Chubak's trial, less severe upper respiratory infections were classified as "the common cold", and the remaining episodes included "flu" and were, on average, more severe. 1 The etiology of these two groups is largely overlapping, but the difference in severity is important. There was no significant difference in the sum of episodes between the two treatment groups.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise, Vitamins and Respiratory Tract Infections

Hemilä

2007

The American Journal of Medicine

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Chubak et al. 1 reported that moderate intensity exercise training reduced common cold incidence but had no effect on the total incidence of upper respiratory infections. As a motivation for the trial, they cited two randomized 3-4 month trials 2,3 which, however, did not find statistically significant effect on upper respiratory infection incidence from moderate exercise, but the studies were small (N 36).In their paper, Chubak et al. failed to refer to our study analyzing the relation between physical activity and common cold incidence in middle-aged Finnish men of the ATBC Study cohort (N = 14,401). Physical activity at work and at leisure had no association with common cold incidence. 4 In Chubak's trial, less severe upper respiratory infections were classified as "the common cold", and the remaining episodes included "flu" and were, on average, more severe. 1 The etiology of these two groups is largely overlapping, but the difference in severity is important. There was no significant difference in the sum of episodes between the two treatment groups. However, according to Table 2, the severity of upper respiratory infections was considerably dissimilar in the two intervention groups. In the exercising group, the proportion of episodes classified as "the common cold" was 35% (23/65), whereas it was significantly higher in the stretching group, 67% (47/70) (P[2-t]=0.0004, Fisher's test). Consequently, the more severe episodes were substantially more frequent in the exercising group (65% vs. 33%), suggesting that exercise might, in fact, have caused harm by making upper respiratory infections more severe.Finally, Chubak et al. mentioned the possibility that vitamins might affect the immune system, but they did not refer to controlled trials with physically active people. In the ATBC Study cohort, vitamin E had no effect on common cold incidence in those who had heavy physical activity at work or at leisure. 4,5 Nevertheless, in six placebo-controlled trials with participants under heavy acute physical stress (combined N = 642), vitamin C reduced common cold risk by 50% (95% CI: 34% to 62%). 5,6 Four of the trials studied marathon runners and thus the latter finding should be generalized cautiously.

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“…Dos seis estudos que se qualificaram para leitura crítica dos resumos, dois foram excluídos por não se tratarem de ECR, restando quatro manuscritos para leitura das referências [13][14][15][16] . Três artigos adicionais foram encontrados a partir do referencial teórico vasculhado [17][18][19] . Porém, após leitura das referências dos mesmos, nenhum outro artigo foi incluído.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…Chubak et al 18 pesquisaram o número de infecções no trato respiratório superior (ITRS) e de resfriados ocorridas nos últimos três meses, de mulheres pós-menopausadas, com sobrepeso/obesidade, não fumantes, sedentárias e provenientes da região de Seattle, USA, através de um instrumento subjetivo (questionário). Os resultados indicaram que as mulheres menopausadas do grupo controle tinham três vezes mais risco de ter resfriados em comparação com o grupo experimental, porém o risco para ITRS não diferiu entre os grupos.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Efeitos Do Exercício Físico Sobre O Sistema Imune De Mulheres Pós-Menopausadas: Revisão Sistemática

Freitas

Stefanello

Gonzales

et al. 2016

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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Artigo de revisão sistemáticASyStematic Review aRticle aRtículo de ReviSión SiStemática RESUMOAs mulheres na menopausa sofrem mudanças endócrinas que acarretam uma série de disfunções, inclusive a atenuação da resposta imune. Nesse sentido, realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura que objetivou buscar ensaios clínicos randomizados (ECR) que verificassem o efeito do exercício físico na imunomodulação em mulheres pós-menopausadas. Utilizaram-se as bases de dados eletrônicas Medline/PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, Lilacs e Bireme, com as seguintes palavras-chave: humans, immune system, physical activity, exercise, physical fitness, postmenopause e postmenopausal period. Utilizou-se como critério de exclusão dos títulos e resumos, os artigos que deixavam claro não tratar do efeito do exercício/atividade física sobre o sistema imune e artigos que estudaram mulheres com câncer e/ou diabetes. Foram incluídos sete artigos para análise. As intervenções duraram de seis meses a 19,9 anos, com amostras variando de 18 a 421 pessoas. Todos os estudos utilizaram o exercício aeróbio moderado como intervenção. Apenas um estudo utilizou medida subjetiva para avaliar o sistema imune, sendo que os demais estudos utilizaram medidas bioquímicas diretas. Com relação ao efeito do exercício sobre a imunomodulação, 57,1% dos ECR concluíram que o exercício físico atuou positivamente sobre o sistema imune de mulheres menopausadas e nenhum mostrou efeito negativo. A proteína C reativa e a contagem de células imunológicas foram as mais pesquisadas, com quatro estudos cada, nos quais, apenas um de cada variável mostrou associação significativa na diminuição desses parâmetros. Três estudos pesquisaram a variável interleucina-6 e dois, a amiloide A, sem demonstrar associação significativa; dos dois estudos que avaliaram imunoglobulinas, apenas um mostrou associação para o aumento da imunoglobulina A. Concluiu-se que é pouco provável que o exercício aeróbio prejudique o sistema imune de mulheres menopausadas e é necessária a realização de novos ECR que objetivem verificar as mudanças na imunomodulação dessa população e que abranjam diferentes volumes e tipos de exercício físico.Descritores: imunidade; atividade motora; pós-menopausa; inflamação; leucócitos. ABSTRACT Menopausal women undergo endocrine changes that cause multiple disorders, including attenuation of the immune response. In this sense, a systematic review of the literature was conducted aiming to find randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which had studied the effect of physical exercise on immune modulation in postmenopausal women. Electronic databases of Medline

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Moderate-Intensity Exercise Reduces the Incidence of Colds Among Postmenopausal Women

Cited by 82 publications

References 34 publications

Prevention and treatment of the common cold: making sense of the evidence

Prevention and treatment of the common cold: making sense of the evidence

Exercise, Vitamins and Respiratory Tract Infections

Efeitos Do Exercício Físico Sobre O Sistema Imune De Mulheres Pós-Menopausadas: Revisão Sistemática

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