Moderate prevalence of HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance mutations in southern Brazil

Abstract

BackgroundDespite the advances in therapy, the occurrence of drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a major obstacle to successful treatment. This study aimed to characterize the genetic diversity and to determine the prevalence of transmitted drug resistance mutations (TDRM) between individuals recently or chronically diagnosed with HIV-1 from Paraná, Brazil.MethodsA total of 260 HIV-1 positive antiretroviral therapy-naïve patients were recruited to participate on the study, of which 39 were recently diagnosed. HIV-1 genotyping was performed using sequencing reaction followed by phylogenetic analyses to determine the HIV-1 subtype. TDRM were defined using the Calibrated Population Resistance Tool program.ResultsThe HIV-1 subtypes frequency found in the studied population were 54.0% of subtype B, 26.7% subtype C, 6.7% subtype F1 and 12.7% recombinant forms. The overall prevalence of TDRM was 6.7%, including 13.3% for recently diagnosed subjects and 5.9% for the chronic group.ConclusionsThe prevalence of resistance mutations found in this study is considered moderate, thus to perform genotyping tests before the initiation of antiretroviral therapy may be important to define the first line therapy and contribute for the improvement of regional prevention strategies for epidemic control.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12981-019-0219-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Increased HIV-1 pretreatment drug resistance with consistent clade homogeneity among ART-naive HIV-1 infected individuals in Ethiopia

“…Similarly, a study done in Brazil among ART-naive pregnant women indicated a lower PDR detection rate [ 24 ]. In addition to the above previously published data from Ethiopia, this finding is in agreement with studies done in India [ 25 ], Brazil [ 26 – 28 ], China [ 29 ], and Iran [ 30 ], which reported a moderate magnitude of PDR among HIV-1 antiretroviral adults. The absence of PDRM screening before starting ART and poor level of adherence might have contributed to this increment of PDR in the current study.…”

HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and protease mutations for drug-resistance detection among treatment-experienced and naïve HIV-infected individuals

“…In the present study, the prevalence of primary resistance among ART-naive Iranian patients (8.3%) was lower than that of many other countries [Germany (17.2%) [23], Greece (16.9%) [24], Brazil (13.3%) [25], and France (10.8%) [26]], but it seems to be rising when compared to previous reports from Iran [11,19,20,27].…”

Nationwide Study of Drug Resistance Mutations in HIV-1 Infected Individuals under Antiretroviral Therapy in Brazil

“…Acquired and transmitted DRM remain one of the major obstacles towards ART efficacy and AIDS treatment. In case of Brazil, previous regional studies showed distinct moderate patters of transmitted DRM prevalence [ 11 , 16 , 20 , 27 , 38 ], and high DRM rates in patients receiving ART [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 27 , 39 ]. In this study, we aimed at understanding SDRM [ 26 ] prevalence across the 27 Brazilian federative units focusing on 20,226 HIV-1 infected patients under different ART schemes, with viral sequence genotyped between 2008 and 2017.…”

“…The prevalence of DRM can greatly vary between different geographical areas, depending on several factors, ranging from study design to the sociodemographic characteristics of the population and most prevalent HIV-1 subtypes [ 9 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. With a total area as vast as 8.51 million km 2 , different DRM rates have also been found in distinct Brazilian geographic regions [ 9 , 12 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”