“…9 According to this view, religion has moved towards a less organized and more individualistic form (Crippen, 1988; Glasner, 1977; Luckman, 1967; Martin, 1969, 1991; Warner, 1993), making it invisible in an institutional form in the public sphere, however, its public character and influence have not disappeared (Casanova, 1994). Recently political theorists (Kuru, 2009; Modood, 2009, 2010), focusing on the state-religion connection, have argued, in relation to Western Europe, that even in these secularized countries, religion has had a place in governance at the institutional level and secularism has not necessarily meant the exclusion of religion from the public square.…”