Moderated mediation analysis: an illustration using the association of gender with delinquency and mental health

Miles, Jeremy N. V.; Kulesza, Magdalena; Ewing, Brett; Shih, Regina A.; Tucker, Joan S.; D’Amico, Elizabeth J.

doi:10.1108/jcp-02-2015-0010

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Future research might include girls in models. It also is possible that moderated mediation analysis might be appropriate (Miles et al, ). For example, if girls are included in future models, moderated mediation analysis would test whether the mediating relationships between depressive symptoms and fathering and harsh parenting on child behavior problems might differ depending on the child's gender.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harsh Parenting and Black Boys' Behavior Problems: Single Mothers' Parenting Stress and Nonresident Fathers' Involvement

2019

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Objective To test a model linking economic hardship, parenting stress, and nonresident fathers' involvement in single mothers' family life during Black boys' early childhood (3–5 years of age) to harsh parenting and behavior problems in middle childhood (9 years of age). Background Parenting stress among single mothers heading low‐income Black families is poorly understood. Most of the research on the effects of stress in the parenting role and outcomes for mothers and children has focused on middle‐class White samples. Boys are of primary interest in this article because of evidence, based largely on studies of economically disadvantaged, two‐parent, White families, that boys may be more negatively affected than girls by aspects of family conflict that include harsh and coercive parenting. Method Using data from a subsample of unmarried Black mothers and nonresident biological fathers with a 3‐year‐old son (n = 748) from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a nationally representative data set, and survey interviews with mothers when the children were 3, 5, and 9 years of age, we examined relationships between and among mothers' economic hardship, depressive symptoms, parenting stress, father involvement, harsh parenting, and child behavior problems when the children were 3, 5, and 9 years of age. Latent variable structural equation modeling and effect decomposition were estimated. Results Economic hardship was linked indirectly to harsh parenting through mothers' depressive symptoms and parenting stress, both of which were related directly to increased harsh parenting. Fathers' involvement was associated directly with mothers' reduced economic hardship and reduced parenting stress when children were 3 to 5 years of age, and reduced levels of harsh parenting at 9 years of age. Harsh parenting during middle childhood, in turn, was associated directly and positively with boy's behavior problems at 9 years of age. Conclusion Nonresident Black fathers' sustained involvement may buffer adverse consequences of stressful conditions on single mothers' parenting. This is important because studies have found that children growing up in households without the involvement of both biological parents are at greater risk for negative developmental and well‐being outcomes than their counterparts who grow up in households in which both biological parents are involved. Implications The most important scientific and policy implications of our results are that intervention approaches that focus on honing relationship and coparenting skills between unmarried nonresident, Black, biological fathers and the mothers of their children early on should be a high priority. Studies have found that although these couples are typically optimistic about their future together early in the relationship, most are no longer in a romantic relationship by the time the child is 5 years old.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harsh Parenting and Black Boys' Behavior Problems: Single Mothers' Parenting Stress and Nonresident Fathers' Involvement

2019

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“…past year. In adolescent populations this measure is associated with AM use and mental health [54][55][56].…”

Section: Delinquency At Wavementioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol and marijuana use trajectories in a diverse longitudinal sample of adolescents: examining use patterns from age 11 to 17 years

et al. 2016

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Aims We tested race/ethnic differences in alcohol and marijuana (AM) trajectories (comprising an intercept term; reflecting overall probability of use, and a slope term; reflecting change in probability of use) during adolescence, whether AM use trajectories predicted high school outcomes, and whether outcomes differed by race/ethnicity after controlling for trajectory of AM use. Design This longitudinal study involved n=6,509 youth from 16 middle schools in Southern California surveyed from age 11.5 (2008) to age 17 (2015); all surveys assessed AM use, and the final survey also examined high school outcomes. Setting Youth completed five surveys in middle school and two online surveys in high school. Participants The sample was 50% male and 80% non-White. Measurements Intercept (at 2.75 years post baseline) and slope of AM use were examined as outcomes for race/ethnic differences. AM use trajectories were examined as predictors of academic performance and unpreparedness, social functioning, mental and physical health, and delinquency. Findings We found differences in trajectories of use by race/ethnicity with white youth reporting a higher overall intercept of alcohol use compared to all other groups (v. Asian p<.001, Black p=.001, Multi-ethnic p=.008). Overall, examination of trajectories of use showed that adolescents with a higher alcohol use intercept term reported greater academic unpreparedness (p<.001) and delinquency (p<.001) at wave 7 in high school. In addition, youth with a higher intercept for marijuana use reported greater academic unpreparedness (p<.001) and delinquency (p<.001), and poorer academic performance (p=.032) and mental health (p=.002) in high school. At wave 7, compared to White youth, Hispanic and multi-ethnic youth reported poorer academic performance (p<.001 and p=0.034, respectively); Asian, Black, and Hispanic youth reported higher academic unpreparedness (p<.001, p=.019, and p=.001); and Asian youth and multi-ethnic youth reported poorer physical health (p=.012 and p=.018) controlling for AM use. Conclusions Greater AM use was associated with worse functioning in high school for all youth. After controlling for AM use, non-White youth reported worse outcomes in high school for academics and health.

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“…Indeed, the effect of SES determinants on health via HL might vary depending on the values taken by one or more third variables. Specifically, these third variables–defined as effect moderators [20]—may affect (either enhance or reduce) the relationship between SES and HL and/or the relationship between HL and health. Therefore, the mediating role of HL in the pathway through which SES determinants affect health may be strengthened or weakened depending on the values taken by the moderator.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health literacy as a mediator of the relationship between socioeconomic status and health: A cross-sectional study in a population-based sample in Florence

et al. 2019

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BackgroundHealth literacy(HL) has recently been proposed as a potential mediator in the pathway through which socio-economic status(SES) affects health. However, empirical research investigating the contribution of HL in this relationship remains scarce. This study investigated whether functional HL mediates the association between SES and self-reported health(SRH) in an adult population-based sample.MethodsThe study adopted a cross-sectional design. Education level and financial status were used as measures of SES, while functional HL was assessed with the Newest Vital Sign. Moderated mediation analyses were conducted using SES variables as independent variables, SRH as dependent variable and functional HL as mediator variable. Furthermore, age, sex and chronic diseases were tested as moderators of the effect mediated by functional HL.Results452 subjects completed the study (58,8% female; mean age 53,25±11,7). Results showed that functional HL mediates on average 18.5% of the association between education and SRH (p = 0.02) and 12.9% (p = 0.01) of the association between financial status and SRH. Furthermore, the proportion of effect mediated by functional HL was found to be higher in lower socio-economic classes for both SES variables considered. No significant moderation effects of age, sex or chronic diseases were observed for both SES variables.ConclusionFindings suggest that functional HL may serve as a pathway by which SES affects health status, especially in lower SES groups. HL may be a valuable and actionable intermediate target for addressing health inequalities. However, further studies are needed to better define the mediating role of HL across socio-economic classes.

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Moderated mediation analysis: an illustration using the association of gender with delinquency and mental health

Cited by 23 publications

References 54 publications

Harsh Parenting and Black Boys' Behavior Problems: Single Mothers' Parenting Stress and Nonresident Fathers' Involvement

Harsh Parenting and Black Boys' Behavior Problems: Single Mothers' Parenting Stress and Nonresident Fathers' Involvement

Alcohol and marijuana use trajectories in a diverse longitudinal sample of adolescents: examining use patterns from age 11 to 17 years

Health literacy as a mediator of the relationship between socioeconomic status and health: A cross-sectional study in a population-based sample in Florence

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