Moderately Differentiated Neuroendocrine Carcinoma (Atypical Carcinoid) of the Larynx: A Clinically Aggressive Tumor

Gillenwater, Ann M.; Lewin, Jan S.; Roberts, Dianna B.; El‐Naggar, Adel K.

doi:10.1097/01.mlg.0000166179.40750.1b

Cited by 54 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Patients usually present with symptoms of throat pain, dysphagia, hoarseness, and neck mass. Symptoms of 'carcinoid syndrome' such as flushing and diarrhea are unusual [5]. Clinically, LMDNEC has an aggressive course and a poor prognosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Phenotypically, tumor cells manifest a uniform polygonal form with high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, organized in nests, cords, or pseudoglandular forms. The cytoplasm is generally eosinophilic, and the nuclei are central and round with finely granular chromatin with inconspicuous nucleoli [5]. The immunohistochemical staining is important and mandatory to make a definite diagnosis of such tumors and help to distinguish MDNECs from other types of tumors of epithelial, melanocytic, and lymphoid origin, such as medullary thyroid carcinoma, malignant melanoma, and lymphoblastic lymphoma [9,10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Moderately differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma of the larynx

Zhang

Zhou

et al. 2009

Acta Oto-Laryngologica

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Eight patients (six males, two females) were pathologically confirmed to have LMDNEC between 2000 and 2008 in our hospital. Patients presented with throat pain, hoarseness, dysphagia, and neck mass, and all tumors originated in the supraglottis. Six of the eight patients (all males) had a history of cigarette smoking. Pathologically, the tumors frequently had positive immunoreactivity for Chg A (6/8), Syn (7/8), NSE (7/8), and CK (8/8). Two patients died of distant metastasis and tumor recurrence in the neck, respectively, the other six cases were still in follow-up.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moderately differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma of the larynx

Zhang

Zhou

et al. 2009

Acta Oto-Laryngologica

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“…In general, surgical therapy and neck dissection are recommended [2]. Woodruff and Senie reported that postoperative radiation was not effective for improving the prognosis [19], whereas Gillenwater et al reported obtaining good control in several cases with radiation and chemotherapy [20]. The local control rate at the initial treatment was the highest after total laryngectomy, and better after partial laryngectomy than after tumor excision.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Carcinoid tumor of the larynx: clinical analysis of 33 cases in Japan

Ebihara

Watanabe

Fujishiro

et al. 2007

Acta Oto-Laryngologica

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The distributions of the T and N classifications of the lesions were as follows T1, 50.0%; T2, 32.2%; T3, 14.3%; T4, 3.6%; N0, 57.1%; N1, 17.9%; N2, 25.0%; and N3, 0%. Fifteen patients underwent radiation therapy, of whom five underwent curative radiotherapy. While complete remission (CR) was maintained in one of these patients (T1N0), the remaining four patients developed recurrence. Five patients underwent preoperative radiation therapy. The response to the treatment was rated as no change in four patients and as progressive disease in the remaining one patient. Among the patients with N0 disease, seven patients (43.8%) developed lymph node metastases in the neck postoperatively. Distant metastases were the most frequent cause of death in the patients. The 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year survival rates of the patients were 58.5%, 36.5%, and 12.2%, respectively. Significant differences were recognized in the survival rates between patients with and without neck lymph node involvement at the first treatment (p=0.008), and between patients with and without postoperative lymph node recurrence in the neck (p=0.037).

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“…Although previously it was considered that adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy were ineffective in the management of this malignancy [11]. Gillenwater et al [12] described that a few patients with atypical carcinoid tumors did respond to these modalities, suggesting the advantage of combined approach for at least some patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laryngeal Neuroendocrine Tumour: A Rare Case Report and Review of Literature

Marfatia¹,

Priya²,

Sathe³

et al. 2016

SJMCR

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Neuroendocrine tumours consist of diverse group of neoplasms. They are the most common type of nonsquamous laryngeal malignancies (0.6-1%) and mainly affect males. Atypical carcinoid is the most common type and typical carcinoid being the rarest. A 60 year male patient presented to the ENT OPD with the chief compliant of irritation in the throat and foreign body sensation since past 6 months. He was a chronic smoker. On indirect laryngoscopy and 70 degree scopy there was a single well defined smooth globular mass over right arytenoid. Both the vocal cords were mobile. Rest of the larynx was normal and there was no pooling of saliva. Neck examination revealed no lymphadenopathy. Wide local excision was done and histopathology was suggestive of neuro endocrine tumour with immunohistochemistry suggestive of cells expressing chromogranin and synaptophysin diffusely and Ki67 was 10-12%. Tumour margins were free. Postoperative 70 degree scopy was absolutely normal with no residual lesion. The first atypical laryngeal carcinoid was described by Goldmann et al in 1969. They are characterised into neural (Paraganglioma) and epithelial types (atypical carcinoid, typical carcinoid, small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma). Most common site of involvement in larynx is supraglottis. Clinical manifestations include dysphagia, hoarseness, odynophagia, dyspnoea and haemoptysis. The definitive diagnosis depends on histopathology according to the histological and immunohistochemistry features of the tumour type. The treatment of choice in atypical carcinoid is wide local excision or supraglottic laryngectomy ( as most tumours are supraglottic in location). Laryngeal neuroendocrine tumours of the larynx are extremely uncommon. Multidisciplinary approach is required to treat the tumours efficiently.

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Moderately Differentiated Neuroendocrine Carcinoma (Atypical Carcinoid) of the Larynx: A Clinically Aggressive Tumor

Cited by 54 publications

References 15 publications

Moderately differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma of the larynx

Moderately differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma of the larynx

Carcinoid tumor of the larynx: clinical analysis of 33 cases in Japan

Laryngeal Neuroendocrine Tumour: A Rare Case Report and Review of Literature

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