Moderation of breastfeeding effects on the IQ by genetic variation in fatty acid metabolism

Caspi, Avshalom; Williams, Benjamin; Kim‐Cohen, Julia; Craig, Ian W.; Milne, Barry; Poulton, Richie; Schalkwyk, Leonard C.; Taylor, Alan; Werts, Helen; Moffitt, Terrie E.

doi:10.1073/pnas.0704292104

Cited by 328 publications

(292 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…But one 2007 study by Duke University psychologist Avshalom Caspi has identified a candidate: a gene that appears to mediate the effects of human milk on brain development 11 . Caspi and colleagues trawled the Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database for genes involved in the metabolism of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids.…”

Section: A Mammalian Mixturementioning

confidence: 99%

Development: Mother's milk: A rich opportunity

Petherick

2010

Nature

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Section: A Mammalian Mixturementioning

confidence: 99%

Development: Mother's milk: A rich opportunity

Petherick

2010

Nature

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“…74,75,124 Genetic variation in the FADS2 gene, which regulates fatty acid pathways, may modulate breastfeeding effects on IQ status. 125 While it is beyond the scope of the current article to discuss all studies to date, representative individual and meta-analyses reports will be considered.…”

Section: Offspring Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Homage to the ‘H’ in developmental origins of health and disease

Rosenfeld

2016

J Dev Orig Health Dis

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Abundant evidence exists linking maternal and paternal environments from pericopconception through the postnatal period to later risk to offspring diseases. This concept was first articulated by the late Sir David Barker and as such coined the Barker Hypothesis. The term was then mutated to Fetal Origins of Adult Disease and finally broadened to developmental origins of adult health and disease (DOHaD) in recognition that the perinatal environment can shape both health and disease in resulting offspring. Developmental exposure to various factors, including stress, obesity, caloric-rich diets and environmental chemicals can lead to detrimental offspring health outcomes. However, less attention has been paid to date on measures that parents can take to promote the long-term health of their offspring. In essence, have we neglected to consider the ‘H’ in DOHaD? It is the ‘H’ component that should be of primary concern to expecting mothers and fathers and those seeking to have children. While it may not be possible to eliminate exposure to all pernicious factors, prevention/remediation strategies may tip the scale to health rather than disease. By understanding disruptive DOHaD mechanisms, it may also illuminate behavioral modifications that parents can adapt before fertilization and throughout the neonatal period to promote the lifelong health of their male and female offspring. Three possibilities will be explored in the current review: parental exercise, probiotic supplementation and breastfeeding in the case of mothers. The ‘H’ paradigm should be the focus going forward as a healthy start can indeed last a lifetime.

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“…110,111 For older children, role of prolonged breastfeeding in development of cognitive functions has been proposed. 112,113 For older children and adults, a possible impact of breastfeeding on cholesterol levels, body mass index, obesity and type 2 diabetes. 114,115 The benefits of breastfeeding for mothers are well known.…”

Section: Benefits Of Breastfeedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Pregnancy

Kumar

Singh

Sinha

2012

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology

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Planning of pregnancy and management of chronic hepatitis B virus during pregnancy includes recognition of maternal virological status, assessment of liver disease severity and minimization of risk for mother to infant transmission of infection. Decisions regarding the use of antivirals during pregnancy need to be individualized. Monitoring for infection and immunization in newborns is also important. For mothers on antiviral therapy, breastfeeding is not recommended. ( J CLIN EXP HEPATOL 2012;2:366-381) A pproximately 400 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) worldwide, 1 and almost half have acquired their infections either through mother to infant transmission or in early childhood, especially in countries where HBV has intermediate to high prevalence.2 In Asia, 8%-10% of the population is chronically infected with HBV, and up to 50% of new cases of hepatitis B infection are due to mother to infant transmission.3 In contrast, the majority of new hepatitis B cases in developed countries are the result of horizontal transmission in adulthood. Before the adoption of standard passive-active immunoprophylaxis treatment, approximately 70%-90% of infants born to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive mothers became chronically infected with HBV. 4 The mother to infant transmission rate was reduced to 5%-10% when infants received appropriate postnatal hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIg) and a series of HBV vaccines. However, despite passive-active immunoprophylaxis provided to infants, up to 8%-30% of infants born to highly viremic mothers still become infected with HBV (Figures 1-3). This review will address several issues important to chronic hepatitis B virus infection and pregnancy including effect of pregnancy on chronic HBV infection, effect of chronic HBV infection on pregnancy, mother to infant transmission, safety data on HBV antivirals during pregnancy, management of chronic HBV infection in women who desire pregnancy or become pregnant while taking antivirals. PREVALENCE OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN INDIAThe prevalence of chronic HBV infection varies widely, with rates ranging from 0.1% to 20% in different parts of the world.2 "High" prevalence (HBsAg positivity rates > 8%) regions include the Asia (except Japan), parts of the Middle East, sub-Saharan Africa, and the Amazon basin. "Intermediate" (2%-7% HBsAg positive) prevalence regions include, the Indian subcontinent, parts of central Asia and the Middle East, Eastern and Southern Europe, as well as parts of South America. "Low" prevalence (<2% HBsAg positive) regions include the United States, Northern Europe, Australia, Japan and the southern part of South America. Overall, 45% of the world population lives in "high" prevalence regions.The HBsAg positivity rate of Hepatitis B in India is different in the different regions of the country. The overall chronic HBsAg positivity rate is often quoted as being 4.7%.5 In India, the prevalence rate of HBsAg...

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Moderation of breastfeeding effects on the IQ by genetic variation in fatty acid metabolism

Cited by 328 publications

References 47 publications

Development: Mother's milk: A rich opportunity

Development: Mother's milk: A rich opportunity

Homage to the ‘H’ in developmental origins of health and disease

Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Pregnancy

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