Modern Apparent Power Definitions: Theoretical Versus Practical Approach—The General Case

Pajic, S.; Emanuel, A.E.

doi:10.1109/tpwrd.2006.876647

Cited by 47 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In this section it will be carried out a general analysis, for what will be considered that the conductor resistances are different, [4], [10]. This way, for a base resistance given, r, is defined the rates, …”

Section: A General Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1459 use ρ n =1, since it is a parameter difficult to know. Emanuel, [10], responsible of the Standard one, suggests that when it can be measured or to be stimated, let be this the value that is used. With regard ξ, this is usually more difficult of knowing; the Std take the value 1.…”

Section: The Ieee Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The European approach has been very well based from the theoretical point of view in the last years thanks to the works of the own Depenbrock, [2] and Mayordomo et al, [3], and the subsequent works of Willems, [4][5][6] that have helped to clarify the situation. On the other hand, the IEEE approach has sought to introduce in the definition of apparent power a practical effective voltage, associated in a principle to the non-load losses, [7][8][9][10]. It is an interesting idea, but that it has not been completely resolved until the present time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even after being published the IEEE Standard, the same Emanuel redefines the equivalent voltage concept and his interpretation, [6], [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Apparent power and power factor in unbalanced and distorted systems. Applications in three phase load compensations

Salmerón¹,

Vázquez²,

Herrera³

et al. 2024

RE&PQJ

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Abstract. The apparent power and the derived power factor are two of the quantities of the biggest use and application inside the Electric Engineering. However, nowadays it continues staying the controversy on their definitions and more appropriate meaning in the most general situations in unbalance and distortion, and unequal resistances in the distribution lines. In the last years they have been distinguished two focuses concerning the functional definitions of apparent power: the European approach, more theoretical and better developed, and the American approach, more practical focus but with smaller rigor. Although from the point of view of their practical application, the use of a definition or another doesn't suppose important numeric differences, if present differ from the conceptual point of view. This is made notice in applications that suppose the use of modern equipments of static compensation. The apparent power of the European approach in its conception only permits parallel compensation, while the apparent power of the American approach admits the seriesparallel compensation. This paper introduces the definitions of apparent power of both approaches and it establishes a discussion on its application in the three-phases loads compensation.

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Section: A General Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Ieee Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even after being published the IEEE Standard, the same Emanuel redefines the equivalent voltage concept and his interpretation, [6], [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Apparent power and power factor in unbalanced and distorted systems. Applications in three phase load compensations

Salmerón¹,

Vázquez²,

Herrera³

et al. 2024

RE&PQJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The line-to-line voltage waveforms are assumed to be unchanged after compensation [9]. When the line currents are modified, the line-to-line voltages will change too, unless the source voltages can be modified to E [10]. In practical cases where the load voltage variation after compensation is negligible, the assumption that the line-toline voltage waveforms remain unchanged seems to be reasonable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An extension to definition of apparent power for multiphase systems in non-sinusoidal conditions

Atefi

Sanaye‐Pasand

2010

Euro. Trans. Electr. Power

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SUMMARYThe generalized definition of apparent power for multiphase systems in non-sinusoidal conditions is extended in this paper. The meaning of apparent power is still a matter of discussion. The apparent power definition for unbalanced three-phase systems is in two schools of thought. The first school is based on a pure theoretical approach and the second is related to the IEEE 1459-2000 standard, which is based on practical concept. Both approaches define the apparent power as the maximum active power that can be delivered to the load for unchanged load equivalent voltages and currents. This paper at first, reviews the theoretical approach of apparent power definition for three-phase unbalanced systems. Then this definition is extended using a vector space for multiphase power systems. This extension of the generalized definition considers a system which not only could be unbalanced but also could include non-sinusoidal voltage and current waveforms. It also considers unequal line resistances. An example is presented which compares the results obtained using this method with the results of the IEEE approach. A three-phase unbalanced non-sinusoidal system in which a rectifying diode is employed in one of the phases is also used to further evaluate performance of different power definitions under study. By using an exact model to define the apparent power, the proposed extended definition provides accurate results.

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Three‐Phase Systems with Sinusoidal Waveforms

Emanuel

2010

Power Definitions and the Physical Mechanism of Power Flow

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Modern Apparent Power Definitions: Theoretical Versus Practical Approach—The General Case

Cited by 47 publications

References 3 publications

Apparent power and power factor in unbalanced and distorted systems. Applications in three phase load compensations

Apparent power and power factor in unbalanced and distorted systems. Applications in three phase load compensations

An extension to definition of apparent power for multiphase systems in non-sinusoidal conditions

Three‐Phase Systems with Sinusoidal Waveforms

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