Modern approaches and perspectives on the prevention and treatment of high-intensity noise damage in military personnel

Abstract

The specifics of military labor, the effect of harmful, and sometimes dangerous factors in the form of impulse noise, shock waves, constant high-level noise, leads to the risk of developing acutraumatic damage to the hearing organ in military personnel. The urgency of the problem is caused by the lack of a unified theory of the pathogenesis of the disease, the low efficiency of currently existing treatment approaches and the insufficient implementation of a system of preventive measures aimed at hearing preservation and health improvement of people working in conditions of increased noise load. The effect of high-intensity noise causes a disorder of microcirculation in the inner ear resulting in the development of hypoxia. As a result of the above-mentioned processes, there are changes in bioenergetics of cells, accumulation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen forms, leading to oxidative stress, and then to their programmed and/or necrotic death. In addition to hair cell damage, irreversible damage to spiral ganglion neurons also occurs. According to current studies, it has been established that the key role in the regulation of oxygen homeostasis under hypoxia is played by a molecule of the factor induced by it. This undoubtedly stimulates the search for drugs acting on it as a target molecule for the treatment of hearing loss of noise etiology. The paper presents data on the incidence of acutraumatic damage to the hearing organ due to noise of high intensity in military personnel, as well as the current views on the pathogenesis of the disease. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of approaches to the treatment of acute sensorineural hearing loss and the prospects for preventive and therapeutic use of antihypoxants.