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Objectives: to identify clinical and ultrasound indicators that can determine the need for further examination of fertile aged women who smoke and have metabolic syndrome (MS) regarding the risk of developing somatic pathology or diseases of the reproductive system.Materials and methods. 2 groups of women of fertile age were examined: the first group consisted of 20 women who smoked with MS, the second group included 20 women who smoked without MS. All women were interviewed using a specially designed general and reproductive health questionnaire. Ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity and pelvic organs was performed using convex and transvaginal sensors according to existing examination protocols.Results. Women of the first group had a higher body mass index and other obesity parameters, which is typical for MS. Women of the second group smoked more cigarettes per day. The identified early onset of menstrual function in women with MS may be a manifestation of hormonal homeostasis disorders at the end of puberty with a predominance of estradiol secretion and insufficient progesterone synthesis in the second phase of the menstrual cycle. A significant amount of blood loss during menstruation and painful menstruation in women of the first group may be a manifestation of adenomyosis, which confirms by echo-positive and echo-negative inclusions in the myometrium and thickening of the uterine walls. In most patients with MS ultrasound showed multifollicular ovaries, which may point at polycystic ovary syndrome, given changes in body mass index and ovarian structure as a response on hyperestrogenemia. Prolonged manifestation of MS also negatively affected the abdominal organs, as evidenced by echo-positive inclusions in the liver and pancreas parenchyma, which is a manifestation of inflammatory diseases of these organs.Conclusions. The combination of prolonged smoking and metabolic syndrome leads to more pronounced changes in the reproductive system and abdominal organs, which in turn expands the range of recommended methods of instrumental examination for such women.
Objectives: to identify clinical and ultrasound indicators that can determine the need for further examination of fertile aged women who smoke and have metabolic syndrome (MS) regarding the risk of developing somatic pathology or diseases of the reproductive system.Materials and methods. 2 groups of women of fertile age were examined: the first group consisted of 20 women who smoked with MS, the second group included 20 women who smoked without MS. All women were interviewed using a specially designed general and reproductive health questionnaire. Ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity and pelvic organs was performed using convex and transvaginal sensors according to existing examination protocols.Results. Women of the first group had a higher body mass index and other obesity parameters, which is typical for MS. Women of the second group smoked more cigarettes per day. The identified early onset of menstrual function in women with MS may be a manifestation of hormonal homeostasis disorders at the end of puberty with a predominance of estradiol secretion and insufficient progesterone synthesis in the second phase of the menstrual cycle. A significant amount of blood loss during menstruation and painful menstruation in women of the first group may be a manifestation of adenomyosis, which confirms by echo-positive and echo-negative inclusions in the myometrium and thickening of the uterine walls. In most patients with MS ultrasound showed multifollicular ovaries, which may point at polycystic ovary syndrome, given changes in body mass index and ovarian structure as a response on hyperestrogenemia. Prolonged manifestation of MS also negatively affected the abdominal organs, as evidenced by echo-positive inclusions in the liver and pancreas parenchyma, which is a manifestation of inflammatory diseases of these organs.Conclusions. The combination of prolonged smoking and metabolic syndrome leads to more pronounced changes in the reproductive system and abdominal organs, which in turn expands the range of recommended methods of instrumental examination for such women.
This study explores the psycho-emotional stress and related intestinal symptoms among women of fertile age who underwent an artificial abortion, utilizing a well-defined point-based questionnaire for stress levels and the revised version of the questionnaire for healthcare professionals to evaluate intestinal symptoms. The cohort consisted of 400 participants, with stress levels categorized as low (0–30 points), medium (31–70 points), or high (71+ points) according to the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS). Further, perceived helplessness and perceived self-efficacy were evaluated via negative and positive PSS items, respectively. Findings indicated that most (65.5 %) women experienced high, and 27.5 % — medium stress before an abortion. Notably, pre-abortion stress levels were generally higher compared to those after an abortion. Concurrently, the frequency of bowel symptoms declined after an abortion. A significant relationship was found between pre-abortion bowel symptoms and higher post-abortion PSS scores, and an increase in the perceived helplessness subgroup (p = 0.051, R2 = 0.156; p = 0.029, R2 = 0.138, respectively). Furthermore, higher perceived helplessness scores were linked with increased pre-abortion intestinal symptoms (p = 0.043, R2 = 0.341). The study, however, found no significant correlations between bowel symptoms and the perceived self-efficacy subgroup. These results suggest an association between pre-abortion psychological factors (lower self-efficacy and higher stress levels) and the incidence of intestinal symptoms, thus shedding light on the intersection of psychological and physical well-being in reproductive health contexts. Further research is needed to explore these mechanisms and develop effective support strategies.
Benign breast diseases (BBDs) are the most common group of diseases among women that negatively affect their quality of life. In fact, these pathological conditions are diagnosed at least 10 times more often than breast cancer. Up to 30% of women with BBDs will need treatment at some point in their lives. A triple assessment which is performed using imaging methods of clinical examination (ultrasound examination, mammography) and histopathological examination after a puncture biopsy during the initial consultation allows to exclude breast cancer in the majority of patients. `The main clinical manifestation of BBDs is mastalgia. In recent years, a variety of natural herbal remedies have played a significant role in the symptom-modifying therapy of mastalgia.The objective: to study the possibility of using an innovative phytocomplex as a symptom-modifying agent in the presence of BBDs, which is manifested by mastalgia.Materials and methods. Clinical monitoring of 60 patients between the ages of 22 and 46 years old with BBDs of various genesis was carried out. The study group included 30 women who used a phytocomplex containing 3,3`-diindolylmethane (200 mg), vitex extract (100 mg), epigallocatechin (45 mg), broccoli extract (0.4 mg), 1 tablet twice daily for 90 days. The reference group included 30 women who used a dietary supplement with indole-3-carbinol (200 mg) according to a similar scheme.Assessment of clinical symptoms of BBDs, measurement of interleukin-6 level in blood serum, fine-needle aspiration biopsy of pathological foci and immunocytochemical analysis of biopsies, assessment of patients’ quality of life were performed before and after treatment.Results. The innovative phytocomplex (diindolylmethane – DIM, Agni casti fructus) compared to the indole-3-carbinol monopreparation demonstrated a higher efficiency in creating conditions for the elimination of clinical manifestations of BBDs: discomfort, swelling, pain at rest and during palpation.A pronounced regression of clinical symptoms was observed in the study group: a decreased frequency of patients with chest discomfort from 100 to 36.7%, a decrease in pain at rest and during pressure – from 53.3 to 13.3% and from 33.3 to 13.3%, respectively, swelling – from 46.7 to 16.7%. The index of the quality of life of patients, which was determined by the sum of the scores of the questionnaire filled out by the patients themselves, showed a more pronounced tendency to increase in the study group.Conclusions. The innovative phytocomplex can be recommended as a preparation for phytotherapeutic correction in order to help reduce the intensity and eliminate mastalgia and other symptoms of BBDs.
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