Modern aspects of diagnosis and treatment of mild cognitive impairment

Локшина, А. Б.

doi:10.37586/2686-8636-3-2020-199-204

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In conditions of acute cerebrovascular accident (ACVA) develops an "ischemic cascade" with a number of pathobiochemical changes, which eventually lead to an imbalance of neurotransmitters and destructive changes or death of neurons, including in the hippocampus [1,2,3,8]. Given this, the study used an experimental model of ACVA, histological examination of neurons in the hippocampus and the effect of a new derivative of 4-aminobutanoic acid KGM-5 in comparison with the known GABA-ergic drug "Picamilon" on the level of neurotransmitters and neurotransmitter amino acids, which makes it possible to assess neuroprotective activity.…”

Section: Research Planning (Methodology)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cognitive impairment is one of the most important medical and social problems [1][2][3]. The urgency of this problem is steadily growing in connection with demographic trends that have occurred in recent decades, namely the increase in life expectancy and the growing share of the elderly in the population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main diseases of the brain that cause the development of cognitive dysfunction are neurodegenerative (Alzheimer's disease, etc. ), vascular (cerebral ischemia), traumatic brain injury, neuroinfections and others [1][2][3][4]. Cerebrovascular disorders are the second most common cause of dementia after Alzheimer's disease [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of a new derivative of 4-aminobutanoic acid on the level of neuromediatory aminoacids, neuromediators and the state of the rats’ hypocamp in conditions of brain ischemia

Mishchenko

Palagina

Larianovskaya

et al. 2021

SR: PS

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The aim: to investigate the effect of a new derivative of 4-aminobutanoic acid (compounds KGM-5) on the level of neurotransmitters and neurotransmitter amino acids and the structural-functional state of the hippocampus of rats with acute cerebrovascular accident (ACVA). Materials and methods. ACVA was reproduced in rats by occlusion of the left carotid artery under anesthesia (sodium thiopental (35 mg/kg) intraperitoneally (i/p). 5 groups of animals were used: intact control (IC, n=6), untreated animals with ACVA (CP, n=13); animals with ACVA (n=14), which were treated for 5 days with KGM-5 at a dose of 30 mg/kg i/p, animals with ACVA (n=13), who received i/p comparison drug “Picamilon” (17 mg/kg). There was a group of pseudo-operated animals (POA, n=8). Withdrawal of animals from the experiment was performed on day 6 after modeling ACVA by painless euthanasia under anesthesia. Histological examinations of CA1 and CA3 zones of the ventral hippocampus were performed with staining of sections with thionine by the method of Nissl and hematoxylin, eosin. In the rat brain, neurotransmitter amino acids and neurotransmitters were identified. Statistical processing was performed using the W-Shapiro-Wills test to verify the normality of the distribution and the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U-test. The accepted significance level is p<0.05. Results. Under the influence of the compound KGM-5 and “Picamilon” in the CA1 zone of the hippocampus, the number of normochromic neurons increased by 20 % and 16.6 %, respectively, hyperchromic pycnomorphic neurons and shadow cells decreased respectively by 5.8; 2.9 times and 6.3; 3.5 times, the index of alteration of neurons decreased by 6 times and 4.8 times, respectively, the area of the perikaryon of these neurons increased by 39.7 % and 77.8 %, respectively, compared with KP (p<0.05). Both studied agents showed a less pronounced normalizing effect on the CA3 area of the hippocampus. The new compound KGM-5 showed a normalizing effect similar to “Picamilon” on the level of neurotransmitter amino acids and neurotransmitters in the brain of rats with ACVA. Conclusions. Therapeutic administration of KGM-5 increases the survival of ventral hippocampal neurons, reducing the relative proportion of irreversibly altered cells, and helps to restore impaired levels of neurotransmitter amino acids and neurotransmitters in the brain of rats with ACVA. The neuroprotective effect of the new compound KGM-5 corresponds to this comparison drug “Picamilon”

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Section: Research Planning (Methodology)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of a new derivative of 4-aminobutanoic acid on the level of neuromediatory aminoacids, neuromediators and the state of the rats’ hypocamp in conditions of brain ischemia

Mishchenko

Palagina

Larianovskaya

et al. 2021

SR: PS

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“…В частности, широко используются диагностические критерии умеренного (англ. mild) нейрокогнитивного расстройства Американской психиатрической ассоциации [9,21]:…”

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Heterogeneity of the mild cognitive impairment syndrome (specialized outpatient service data analysis)

Локшина

Захаров

Grishina

et al. 2021

RJTAO

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Timely diagnosis and optimal management of patients with cognitive impairment (CI) without dementia can potentially reduce the risk of their progression to dementia. In our study, we assessed the features of mild CI (MCI) syndrome in patients with neurological disorders based on the specialized outpatient service data analysis.Objective: to analyze clinical, neuropsychological, and neuroimaging characteristics of MCI syndrome in the Russian population in real clinical practice.Patients and methods. We enrolled 515 patients (209 men and 306 women, mean age – 71.2±8.0 years) with memory and/or other cognitive complaints. Seventy healthy volunteers (25 men and 45 women, mean age – 69.5±5.71 years) without cognitive complaints and central nervous system or mental disorders were enrolled in the control group. DSM-V diagnostic criteria for mild neurocognitive disorder were used. Participants underwent comprehensive neuropsychological testing with a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the results. In some of them (29.13%), brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed.Results and discussion. The following types of MCI were identified in study participants: monofunctional non-amnestic type (MFNAT) – 1.2%, monofunctional amnestic type (MFAT) – 12.6%, polyfunctional amnestic type (PFAT) – 22.9%, polyfunctional non-amnestic type (PFNAT) – 63.3%. We found a higher prevalence of executive dysfunction and attention deficit in PFNAT, and executive dysfunction, attention deficit, and memory decline in PFAT. Cardiovascular risk factors and signs of vascular leukoencephalopathy on MRI were more frequently observed in PFNAT and PFAT.Conclusion. The clinical and neuropsychological analysis allows us to assume the pathophysiology of CI before the development of dementia. In the Russian population, cerebrovascular insufficiency plays a significant role in the development of MCI syndrome.

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Modern aspects of diagnosis and treatment of cognitive impairments (literature review)

Локшина

Вахнина

2023

RJTAO

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Когнитивные нарушения (КН) относятся к числу самых распространенных видов неврологических нарушений, которые встречаются в практике как неврологов, так и врачей других специальностей. В статье обсуждаются современные принципы классификации КН по тяжести, их клинические признаки, критерии диагностики, важнейшие подходы к ведению пациентов с деменцией и недементными КН. Проведен обзор современных публикаций по вопросам лечения синдрома умеренных КН (УКН) и деменции, показано, что оно должно быть комплексным и включать немедикаментозные методы (регулярная физическая активность, когнитивный тренинг), коррекцию всех сосудистых факторов риска, а также медикаментозные методы лечения, направленные на улучшение когнитивных функций. При этом стратегия выбора медикаментозной терапии КН определяется степенью их тяжести. Важность раннего выявления КН обусловлена тем, что своевременная диагностика этих нарушений расширяет потенциальные возможности вторичной профилактики и терапевтического воздействия, которое может отсрочить или даже предотвратить наступление профессиональной и социальной дезадаптации из-за развития деменции. Показаны возможности современной нейропротективной и симптоматической терапии КН, место акатинола мемантина в лечении синдрома УКН и деменции. Приведены современные данные о применении данного препарата при различных нозологических вариантах заболеваний с синдромом УКН и деменцией различной степени тяжести.

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Modern aspects of diagnosis and treatment of mild cognitive impairment

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

Influence of a new derivative of 4-aminobutanoic acid on the level of neuromediatory aminoacids, neuromediators and the state of the rats’ hypocamp in conditions of brain ischemia

Influence of a new derivative of 4-aminobutanoic acid on the level of neuromediatory aminoacids, neuromediators and the state of the rats’ hypocamp in conditions of brain ischemia

Heterogeneity of the mild cognitive impairment syndrome (specialized outpatient service data analysis)

Modern aspects of diagnosis and treatment of cognitive impairments (literature review)

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