Modern biotechnology: search for an optimal model of legal regulation

Abstract

This chapter justifies the conclusion that GMO technologies as a form of biotechnology are the greatest technological breakthrough of our time. With the help of GMOs, it is possible to increase the yield, which al-lows not only to solve the problems of world food security, but also to pre-serve untouched lands from human impact (including through the creation of national parks or other types and forms of specially protected natural areas there). The use of GMO technologies reduces the use of pesticides and agrochemicals in agriculture. However, in conditions where the harm from GMO technologies and products not convincingly proven, the search for an optimal model for their use should continue. The authors note that the concept of sustainable development implies a balance of environmental, economic and social interests. Deviation from this balance in any direction entails a number of negative consequences for the entire society, both in terms of problems with the realization of the right to food, as well as in terms of environmental protection. In this situation, it seems appropriate not to ban GMOs absolutely (as in Russia), which means the uselessness of the law of the relevant state as a regulator of public relations. Considering the measures of state regulation of the use of GMO technologies and products, the authors focus on the prospects for the use of certification and labeling of GMO products, which in a number of BRICS and EAEU countries has already had a positive effect.