Modern blast furnace ironmaking technology: potentials to meet the demand of high hot metal production and lower energy consumption

Mousa, Elsayed

doi:10.30544/414

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The resulting emissions account for about 7-9% of the global CO 2 emissions. Due to the demanding steel production rate, 3.0 billion tonnes of CO 2 emissions are estimated for 2050 (Mousa, 2019). Thus, the steelmaking industry is under great strain to improve its technology regarding the use of less raw materials, less energy consumption, lower emissions of particles and gas, and opening new routes for CO 2 -lean steelmaking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects and challenges of the electrochemical reduction of iron oxides in alkaline media for steel production

et al. 2022

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Steelmaking industries have been facing strict decarbonization guidelines. With a net zero carbon emissions target, European policies are expected to be accomplished before 2050. Traditional steelmaking industry still operates by the carbothermic reduction of iron ores for steel production. Consequently, the steel sector is responsible for a large amount of CO2 emissions, accounting for up to 9% of the CO2 worldwide emissions. In this scope, the electrochemical reduction or electrolysis of iron oxides into metallic iron in alkaline media arises as a promising alternative technology for ironmaking. Significant advantages of this technology include the absence of CO2 emissions, non-polluting by-products such as hydrogen and oxygen gases, lower temperature against the conventional approach (∼100°C versus 2000°C) and lower electric energy consumption, where around 6 GJ per ton of iron manufactured can be spared. The present minireview discusses the progress on the electrochemical reduction of iron oxides in alkaline media as a green steelmaking route. A historical overview of the global steelmaking against recent developments and challenges of the novel technology is presented, and the fundamental mechanisms of iron oxide reduction to iron and alternative iron feedstocks are discussed. Factors affecting the Faradaic efficiencies of the alkaline electroreduction of iron oxide suspensions or iron oxide bulk ceramics are also explored, focusing on the concurrent hydrogen evolution reaction. Overall, if scrutinized, this technology may become a breaking point for the steel industry sector.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects and challenges of the electrochemical reduction of iron oxides in alkaline media for steel production

et al. 2022

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“…In 2019, the steel requirement reached approximately 1.9 million tons, but in the first quarter of 2020, there was a considerable decrease of approximately 20%, the sector being impacted by the global situation regarding the pandemic [ 170 ] target for 2050 is a production of about 2.8 million tons in 2050 [ 6 , 171 ].…”

Section: Ferrous Wastes Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ferrous Industrial Wastes—Valuable Resources for Water and Wastewater Decontamination

Matei

Predescu

Șăulean

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Ferrous waste by-products from the metallurgical industry have a high potential for valorization in the context of the circular economy, and can be converted to value-added products used in environmental remediation. This research reviews the latest data available in the literature with a focus on: (i) sources from which these types of iron-based wastes originate; (ii) the types of ferrous compounds that result from different industries; (iii) the different methods (with respect to the circular economy) used to convert them into products applied in water and wastewater decontamination; (iv) the harmful effects ferrous wastes can have on the environment and human health; and (v) the future perspectives for these types of waste.

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“…However, the use of biomass in the metallurgical industry is still limited, and it is in strong competition with fossil fuels. As noted in publications [4,5], the problems of biomass use in the metallurgical industry include technical and economic aspects that require synergies between the steel and bioenergy sectors.…”

Section: Analysis Of Recent Studies and Publicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Some Aspects of the Study of Pulverized Coal and Fuel Mixtures Combustion in a Drop Tube Furnace

Stupak¹,

Хохлова²

2021

СПМ

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The article considers some aspects of the pulverized fuel combustion modelling in the laboratory on installations called vertical tube furnaces (referred to as drop tube furnaces in scientific periodicals). We have considered the scheme of the installation to study the process of pulverized coal (PС) combustion in conditions similar to the conditions of heating and ignition of coal particles in the blast flow of the blast furnace and their subsequent gasification in the raceway. We have formulated the basic requirements for ensuring the reliability of modelling results. We have examined the methods of combustion completeness (burnout) estimation used in similar studies. We have proposed a convenient method for the estimation of the burnout of two-component fuel mixtures. According to this method, the estimation can be performed for any ratio of components in a two-component fuel mixture with the use of data on the initial ash content in each of them and the relevant burnout. We have obtained the estimated data on the dependence of the burnout of PC (anthracite, lean coal) with fuel additives. It has been shown that the proposed approach can be used to evaluate experimental data regarding the study of the combustion completeness of fuel mixtures. It has been established that for the initial stages of PC combustion (heating, emission and ignition of volatile matters), which occur before the fuel particles enter the blast furnace raceway, the fuel mixtures burnout values recorded in the experiments do not differ significantly from the estimated ones. For the final stages of PC combustion (heating and burnout of char), which occur mainly in the raceway and outside, the combustion completeness determined in laboratory studies was significantly higher than the estimated one. The obtained results confirmed the efficiency in the use of drop tube furnace to model the PC combustion process during the fuel injection with the heated blast flow in the blast furnace raceways and study of the influence of various factors on the combustion process. The results of such studies can be used to improve the design of PC injection units in the blast furnace and to study the possibilities for improving the coal particles combustion completeness and the specific consumption of PC.

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Modern blast furnace ironmaking technology: potentials to meet the demand of high hot metal production and lower energy consumption

Cited by 24 publications

References 56 publications

Prospects and challenges of the electrochemical reduction of iron oxides in alkaline media for steel production

Prospects and challenges of the electrochemical reduction of iron oxides in alkaline media for steel production

Ferrous Industrial Wastes—Valuable Resources for Water and Wastewater Decontamination

On Some Aspects of the Study of Pulverized Coal and Fuel Mixtures Combustion in a Drop Tube Furnace

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