Modern Contraceptive Use and Influencing Factors in Amhara Regional State: Further Analysis of Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey Data 2016

Abstract

Background. Ethiopia is one of the Sub-Saharan African countries with a high unmet need for contraceptives. Contraception is a good indicator of the extent to which couples have access to reproductive health services. A study on contraceptives can provide overall direction by helping to identify the obstacles in society and weaknesses in services that need to be overcome. However, little is known in Amhara region context. Therefore, this analysis was aimed to assess modern contraceptive use and influencing factors in the Amhara regional state of Ethiopia. Methods. We used secondary data analysis of the regional representative sample of women aged 15–49 years from the 2016 Ethiopian Demography and Health Survey (EDHS). A total of 2207 married reproductive-age women (15–49 years) selected using a two-stage stratified cluster sampling technique were included in this analysis. Both descriptive and logistic regression analyses were performed using STATA V.14. A 95% confidence interval was used to declare statistical significance. Results. Modern contraceptive use among married reproductive-age women was 51.3% (95% CI: 47.0–55.6). Being from households with rich wealth index (AOR = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.1–2.5), a secondary or higher level of education (AOR = 3.0; 95% CI: 1.4–6.2), and desire to space (AOR = 2.6; 95% CI: 1.9–3.7) or want no more child (AOR = 2.4; 95% CI: 1.6–3.5) were found positively associated with modern contraceptive use. On the other hand, modern contraceptive use was negatively associated with women aged 35–49 years (AOR = 0.7; 95% CI: 0.5–0.9). Conclusion. Modern contraceptive use was relatively high in the Amhara region. The odds of modern contraceptive use were higher among women with secondary or more educational levels. Women from households with rich wealth index and those who want to delay or avoid pregnancy had also more odds of using modern contraceptives. Therefore, strengthening women’s and community education could improve modern contraceptive use. Moreover, more emphasis should be given for income generation activities.

Factors associated with modern contraceptive demands satisfied among currently married/in-union women of reproductive age in Ethiopia: a multilevel analysis of the 2016 Demographic and Health Survey

“…For many years, modern contraceptive has been a priority public health intervention in Ethiopia with high participation of local and international partners through offering free FP services. It is also one of the target areas of domestically innovated health extension programmes addressed through both outreach and facility-based approaches 17 18. Despite these strategies, DSFMC methods in 2011 was 50.2%, of which 42.6%, 6.8% and 0.9% were contributed by short-acting, long-acting and permanent methods, respectively 3.…”

Modern contraceptive Use and its associated factors among married women in Senegal: Based on the recent National Demographic and Health Survey Data

“…Modern contraceptive use was also significantly associated with womens' media exposure. This outcome is obedient with studies conducted in Senegal (16) and Ethiopia (9). This alignment could be explained by the fact that media can help communities raise awareness about health issues as well as address social and cultural issues (30,31).…”

“…For instance, it is 62% in Zimbabwe, 6% in Guinea, 56%, Malawi and 56 % Kenya (8). Different studies stated that age , educational attainment of a woman , educational attainment of husbands , residence, wealth index of women, number of living children, having antenatal care visits (ANC), desire to space and want no more child are factors which have significant association with modern contraceptive utilization (8)(9)(10). Because of the large unmet need for contraception in Sub-Saharan African countries, the number of unplanned pregnancies is higher, estimated to be over 14 million per year (11).…”

Association of maternal high-risk fertility behavior and under-five mortality in Ethiopia: Community-based survey

“…Education helps them to discuss with partners and make joint decisions on family planning and family size. Furthermore, the positive effect of education on contraceptive use may be associated with the delay in marriage and first pregnancy [22,23].…”

“…Covariates. Variables such as current age of women (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49), number of household members (�4, �5), religion (non-Muslim, Muslim), residence (urban, rural), women's educational status (no education, primary, secondary or above) women's occupation (not working, working), wealth index (poor, middle, rich), marital status (single, married), type of toilet (unimproved, improved), type of water source(unprotected, protected), sex of household head (male, female), covered by health insurance (no, yes), face health care access problem (no, yes), pregnancy intention (want then, want later, wanted never), type of birth (single, multiple), place of delivery (home, health facility), sex of the baby (male, female), apply any things on the umbilical cord after delivery (no, yes), and perceived size of baby) were included as covariates. The poor wealth index category was created by merging poorer and poorest and the variable rich was constructed by merging richer and richest.…”