Modern-Day SIV Viral Diversity Generated by Extensive Recombination and Cross-Species Transmission

Bell, Sidney M; Bedford, Trevor

doi:10.1101/101725

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) infect over 40 species of African monkeys, chimpanzees and gorillas 1,2 and are well-studied examples of cross-species infection and adaptation [3][4][5][6] . Although rapid viral sequence evolution complicates dating of cross-species transmission, analysis of SIV from monkeys on Bioko Island suggests SIV to have been present in African primates for more than 32,000 years 7 , and possibly much longer 8 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryo-EM structures of prefusion SIV envelope trimer

Gorman

Wang

Mason

et al. 2022

Nat Struct Mol Biol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryo-EM structures of prefusion SIV envelope trimer

Gorman

Wang

Mason

et al. 2022

Nat Struct Mol Biol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Modern‐day SIV diversity was generated by extensive recombination and cross‐species transmission (Bell & Bedford, ). The simian immunodeficiency virus of chimpanzees (SIVcpz) was transmitted once to gorillas generating SIVgor, which was in turn transmitted twice to humans generating two distinct groups of HIV‐1 (D'Arc et al., ; Van Heuverswyn et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noninvasive western lowland gorilla's health monitoring: A decade of simian immunodeficiency virus surveillance in southern Cameroon

Villabona-Arenas

Ayouba

Esteban

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVgor) causes persistent infection in critically endangered western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) from west central Africa. SIVgor is closely related to chimpanzee and human immunodeficiency viruses (SIVcpz and HIV‐1, respectively). We established a noninvasive method that does not interfere with gorillas' natural behaviour to provide wildlife pathogen surveillance and health monitoring for conservation. A total of 1,665 geo‐referenced fecal samples were collected at regular intervals from February 2006 to December 2014 (123 sampling days) in the Campo‐Ma'an National Park (southwest Cameroon). Host genotyping was performed using microsatellite markers, SIVgor infection was identified by serology and genetic amplification was attempted on seropositive individuals. We identified at least 125 distinct gorillas, 50 were resampled (observed 3.5 times in average) and 38 were SIVgor+ (seven individuals were seroconverters). Six groups of gorillas were identified based on the overlapping occurrence of individuals with apparent high rates of gene flow. We obtained SIVgor genetic sequences from 25 of 38 seropositive genotyped gorillas and showed that the virus follows exponential growth dynamics under a strict molecular clock. Different groups shared SIVgor lineages demonstrating intergroup viral spread and recapture of positive individuals illustrated intra‐host viral evolution. Relatedness and relationship genetic analysis of gorillas together with Bayesian phylogenetic inference of SIVgor provided evidence suggestive of vertical transmission. In conclusion, we provided insights into gorilla social dynamics and SIVgor evolution and emphasized the utility of noninvasive sampling to study wildlife health populations. These findings contribute to prospective planning for better monitoring and conservation.

show abstract

“…The tips of each strain on phylogenetic trees were traced and coloured according to the locations across unrooted ML trees for all gene segments. Figures were generated by modifying scripts from a similar analysis (Bell & Bedford, 2017) and were edited manually.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic analysis, molecular changes, and adaptation to chickens of Mexican lineage H5N2 low‐pathogenic avian influenza viruses from 1994 to 2019

Youk

Leyson

Parris

et al. 2022

Transbounding Emerging Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Mexican lineage H5N2 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs) were first detected in 1994 and mutated to highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) in 1994-1995 causing widespread outbreaks in poultry. By using vaccination and other control measures, the HPAIVs were eradicated but the LPAIVs continued circulating in Mexico and spread to several other countries. To get better resolution of the phylogenetics of this virus, the full genome sequences of 44 H5N2 LPAIVs isolated from 1994 to 2011, and 6 detected in 2017 and 2019, were analysed. Phylogenetic incongruence demonstrated genetic reassortment between two separate groups of the Mexican lineage H5N2 viruses between 2005 and 2010. Moreover, the recent H5N2 viruses reassorted with previously unidentified avian influenza viruses. Bayesian phylogeographic results suggested that mechanical transmission involving human activity is the most probable cause of the virus spillover to Central American, Caribbean, and East Asian countries. Increased infectivity and transmission of a 2011 H5N2 LPAIV in chickens compared to a 1994 virus demonstrates improved adaptation to chickens, while low virus shedding, and limited contact transmission was observed in mallards with the same 2011 virus. The sporadic increase in basic amino acids in the HA cleavage site, changes in potential N-glycosylation sites in the HA, and truncations of PB1-F2 should be further examined in relation to the increased infectivity and transmission in poultry.The genetic changes that occur as this lineage of H5N2 LPAIVs continues circulating in poultry is concerning not only because of the effect of these changes on vaccination efficacy, but also because of the potential of the viruses to mutate to the highly pathogenic form. Continued vigilance and surveillance efforts, and the pathogenic and genetic characterization of circulating viruses, are required for the effective control of this virus.

show abstract

Modern-Day SIV Viral Diversity Generated by Extensive Recombination and Cross-Species Transmission

Cited by 8 publications

References 37 publications

Cryo-EM structures of prefusion SIV envelope trimer

Cryo-EM structures of prefusion SIV envelope trimer

Noninvasive western lowland gorilla's health monitoring: A decade of simian immunodeficiency virus surveillance in southern Cameroon

Phylogenetic analysis, molecular changes, and adaptation to chickens of Mexican lineage H5N2 low‐pathogenic avian influenza viruses from 1994 to 2019

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About