Modern Geographic Information Systems— Promise and Pitfalls

Melnick, Alan; Fleming, David W.

doi:10.1097/00124784-199903000-00003

Cited by 21 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…9,10 Researchers are beginning to assess the quality of secondary data sources with business information, [11][12][13][14] given that these data sources are increasingly being used in research with some expressing concerns about the accuracy and completeness of these data sources. 5,[15][16][17][18] Information on the completeness and accuracy of multiple data sources for ascertaining local businesses is important not only to health researchers, but also to community organizations, policy-makers, transportation planners, and others who seek to map local businesses and resources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concordance of Commercial Data Sources for Neighborhood-Effects Studies

Hoehner¹,

Schootman²

2010

J Urban Health

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Growing evidence supports a relationship between neighborhood-level characteristics and important health outcomes. One source of neighborhood data includes commercial databases integrated with geographic information systems to measure availability of certain types of businesses or destinations that may have either favorable or adverse effects on health outcomes; however, the quality of these data sources is generally unknown. This study assessed the concordance of two commercial databases for ascertaining the presence, locations, and characteristics of businesses. Businesses in the St. Louis, Missouri area were selected based on their four-digit Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes and classified into 14 business categories. Business listings in the two commercial databases were matched by standardized business name within specified distances. Concordance and coverage measures were calculated using capture-recapture methods for all businesses and by business type, with further stratification by census-tract-level population density, percent below poverty, and racial composition. For matched listings, distance between listings and agreement in four-digit SIC code, sales volume, and employee size were calculated. Overall, the percent agreement was 32% between the databases. Concordance and coverage estimates were lowest for health-care facilities and leisure/entertainment businesses; highest for popular walking destinations, eating places, and alcohol/tobacco establishments; and varied somewhat by population density. The mean distance (SD) between matched listings was 108.2 (179.0) m with varying levels of agreement in fourdigit SIC (percent agreement=84.6%), employee size (weighted kappa=0.63), and sales volume (weighted kappa=0.04). Researchers should cautiously interpret findings when using these commercial databases to yield measures of the neighborhood environment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concordance of Commercial Data Sources for Neighborhood-Effects Studies

Hoehner¹,

Schootman²

2010

J Urban Health

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“…The first three have a UK focus though they include details of worldwide applications as well and also break their descriptions into an epidemiological and health care planning split. Richards et al (1999a) is one of a number of articles in a special issue of the Journal of Public Health Management & Practice (Rushton, 1998;Kulldorff, 1999;Melnick & Fleming, 1999;Roper & Mays, 1999) which concentrates solely on the use and potential for GIS in public health in the US. Some of these summary articles, particularly the more recent US papers, reflect the widening concerns of the subject, especially in the community and public health areas through the assessment of effectiveness and outcomes, public health resource allocation and organisational and structural changes.…”

Section: Gis Health and Informal Care Provisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the applicability of GIS in a health and social care setting: planning services for informal carers in East Sussex, England

Foley

2002

Social Science & Medicine

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Informal carers save the state's health and social care services billions of pounds each year. The stresses associated with caring have given rise to a number of short-term care services to provide respite to carers. The Carers (Recognition & Services) Act of 1995 identified formally for the first time, the important role that unpaid carers provide across the community in Britain. The planning of combined health and social care services such as short-term care is a less developed application of geographical information systems (GIS) and this paper examines awareness and application issues associated with the potential use of GIS to manage short-term care service planning for informal carers in East Sussex. The assessment of GIS awareness was carried out by using a semi-structured questionnaire approach and interviewing key local managers and planners across a number of agencies. GIS data was gathered from the agencies and developed within a GIS to build up a set of spatial databases of available services, location of users and additional geo-demographic and topographic information. The output from this system development was presented in turn at workshops with agencies associated with short-term care planning as well as users to help assess their perspectives on the potential use and value of GIS. A renewed emphasis on a planned approach to health care coupled with integrated/ joint working with social care creates a need for new approaches to planning. The feedback from planners and users, suggested that a number of key data elements attached to data-sharing may prove to be simultaneously progressive yet problematic, especially in the areas of ethics, confidentiality and informed consent. A critical response to the suitability of GIS as a tool to aid joint health and social care approaches is incorporated within a final summary. r

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“…Cruciale nei dati geografici e il problema della qualita dell'input: le informazioni che si utilizzano devono essere complete, accurate ed aggiornate (Melnick & Fleming, 1999).…”

Section: Dati E Le Mappe Spazialiunclassified

Section: Introduzioneunclassified

“…Svariate sono le definizioni di epidemiologia date dai diversi autori, ma la maggior parte di esse richiama in qualche modo alia distribuzione delle malattie: diventa naturale comprendere, quindi, come i metodi di analisi spaziale siano particolarmente utili per questa disciplina. Delle tre variabili epidemiologiche fondamentali -tempo, persona, spazio -quest'ultima e sempre stata la piu difficile da trattare (Melnick & Fleming, 1999).La distribuzione delle malattie nello spazio ed il loro legame con fattori anch'essi caratterizzati geograficamente, non si possono analizzare con metodi statistici classici. D'altra parte, proprio tale distribuzione geografica potrebbe essere chiarificatrice della natura del fenomeno che si sta studiando.…”

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Geographical analyses: epidemiological studies and resources allocation

Bisoffi¹

2001

Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci

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INTRODUZIONENegli ultimi anni l'interesse verso le analisi e la modellizzazione di dati spaziali e andato via via crescendo, con applicazioni in diverse discipline (geografia, ma anche economia, scienze ambientali ed epidemiologia) e su una varieta di scale che spazia dai livelli microscopici degli studi biologici a quelli enormi degli studi epidemiologici relativi all'intero pianeta, come quelli condotti dalla World Health Organization (ad esempio, sulla speranza di vita, sulla spesa sanitaria, ecc. -per dettagli si visiti il sito del GIS, Geographical InformationSystem: http://www.nt.who.int/whosis/statistics). Svariate sono le definizioni di epidemiologia date dai diversi autori, ma la maggior parte di esse richiama in qualche modo alia distribuzione delle malattie: diventa naturale comprendere, quindi, come i metodi di analisi spaziale siano particolarmente utili per questa disciplina. Delle tre variabili epidemiologiche fondamentali -tempo, persona, spazio -quest'ultima e sempre stata la piu difficile da trattare (Melnick & Fleming, 1999).La distribuzione delle malattie nello spazio ed il loro legame con fattori anch'essi caratterizzati geograficamente, non si possono analizzare con metodi statistici classici. D'altra parte, proprio tale distribuzione geografica potrebbe essere chiarificatrice della natura del fenomeno che si sta studiando. Analisi geografiche possono essere considerate come analisi complementari a quelle della statistica piu "tradizionale": se difficilmente possono Indirizzo per la corrispondenza: Dr.ssa G. Bisoffi,

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Modern Geographic Information Systems— Promise and Pitfalls

Cited by 21 publications

References 6 publications

Concordance of Commercial Data Sources for Neighborhood-Effects Studies

Concordance of Commercial Data Sources for Neighborhood-Effects Studies

Assessing the applicability of GIS in a health and social care setting: planning services for informal carers in East Sussex, England

Geographical analyses: epidemiological studies and resources allocation

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