Modern HAART decreases cancers in children with HIV

Kincaid, Lynne

doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(07)70021-9

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Interestingly, some studies demonstrated that, in HIV patients treated with HAART [ 220 , 221 , 222 , 223 ], the incidence rate of some cancers is, in fact, lower. Corroborating these findings, results from other studies reported associations of a potential anti-neoplastic impact of HAART [ 224 , 225 , 226 , 227 ]. It has been shown that ritonavir induces apoptosis of lymphoblastic tumour cells including lymphoma, myeloid leukaemia, fibrosarcoma, mastocytoma, and Kaposi’s sarcoma [ 228 , 229 , 230 , 231 ].…”

Section: Drug Repurposing For Ovarian Cancer Therapysupporting

confidence: 71%

Recycling the Purpose of Old Drugs to Treat Ovarian Cancer

Nunes

Abreu

Bartosch

et al. 2020

IJMS

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The main challenge in ovarian cancer treatment is the management of recurrences. Facing this scenario, therapy selection is based on multiple factors to define the best treatment sequence. Target therapies, such as bevacizumab and polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, improved patient survival. However, despite their achievements, ovarian cancer survival remains poor; these therapeutic options are highly costly and can be associated with potential side effects. Recently, it has been shown that the combination of repurposed, conventional, chemotherapeutic drugs could be an alternative, presenting good patient outcomes with few side effects and low costs for healthcare institutions. The main aim of this review is to strengthen the importance of repurposed drugs as therapeutic alternatives, and to propose an in vitro model to assess the therapeutic value. Herein, we compiled the current knowledge on the most promising non-oncological drugs for ovarian cancer treatment, focusing on statins, metformin, bisphosphonates, ivermectin, itraconazole, and ritonavir. We discuss the primary drug use, anticancer mechanisms, and applicability in ovarian cancer. Finally, we propose the use of these therapies to perform drug efficacy tests in ovarian cancer ex vivo cultures. This personalized testing approach could be crucial to validate the existing evidences supporting the use of repurposed drugs for ovarian cancer treatment.

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Section: Drug Repurposing For Ovarian Cancer Therapysupporting

confidence: 71%

Recycling the Purpose of Old Drugs to Treat Ovarian Cancer

Nunes

Abreu

Bartosch

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…Clifford et al conducted a cohort study of HIV and found that the standardized incidence ratio of Kaposi's sarcoma was significantly lower in patients treated with HAART (25.3, 95% CI: 10.8–50.1) compared to those treated without HAART (239, 95% CI: 211–270) [ 47 ]. Other studies have shown similar results for the antitumor effect of HAART [ 45 , 48 , 49 ].…”

Section: Ritonavir and Ovarian Cancersupporting

confidence: 71%

Drug Repositioning for Gynecologic Tumors: A New Therapeutic Strategy for Cancer

Banno

Iida

Yanokura

et al. 2015

The Scientific World Journal

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The goals of drug repositioning are to find a new pharmacological effect of a drug for which human safety and pharmacokinetics are established and to expand the therapeutic range of the drug to another disease. Such drug discovery can be performed at low cost and in the short term based on the results of previous clinical trials. New drugs for gynecologic tumors may be found by drug repositioning. For example, PPAR ligands may be effective against ovarian cancer, since PPAR activation eliminates COX-2 expression, arrests the cell cycle, and induces apoptosis. Metformin, an antidiabetic drug, is effective for endometrial cancer through inhibition of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway by activating LKB1-AMPK and reduction of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 due to AMPK activation. COX-2 inhibitors for cervical cancer may also be examples of drug repositioning. PGE2 is induced in the arachidonate cascade by COX-2. PGE2 maintains high expression of COX-2 and induces angiogenic factors including VEGF and bFGF, causing carcinogenesis. COX-2 inhibitors suppress these actions and inhibit carcinogenesis. Combination therapy using drugs found by drug repositioning and current anticancer drugs may increase efficacy and reduce adverse drug reactions. Thus, drug repositioning may become a key approach for gynecologic cancer in drug discovery.

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“…Many other investigators have subsequently reported similar associations of potential anti-neoplastic impact of HAART. [ 8 - 10 ] Even before the above mentioned studies were published, the anti-neoplastic properties of ritonavir (which is a protease inhibitor and forms an integral part of HAART), had already been demonstrated in some cancers. Specifically, Ritonavir induced apoptosis in tumor cell lines of lymphoblastoid origin, including lymphoma cells and myeloid leukemia cells, fibrosarcoma and mastocytoma cells as well as immortalized Kaposi's-sarcoma cell lines [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ritonavir blocks AKT signaling, activates apoptosis and inhibits migration and invasion in ovarian cancer cells

et al. 2009

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Background: Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of mortality from gynecological malignancies, often undetectable in early stages. The difficulty of detecting the disease in its early stages and the propensity of ovarian cancer cells to develop resistance to known chemotherapeutic treatments dramatically decreases the 5-year survival rate. Chemotherapy with paclitaxel after surgery increases median survival only by 2 to 3 years in stage IV disease highlights the need for more effective drugs. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is characterized by increased risk of several solid tumors due to its inherent nature of weakening of immune system. Recent observations point to a lower incidence of some cancers in patients treated with protease inhibitor (PI) cocktail treatment known as HAART (Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy).

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Modern HAART decreases cancers in children with HIV

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Recycling the Purpose of Old Drugs to Treat Ovarian Cancer

Recycling the Purpose of Old Drugs to Treat Ovarian Cancer

Drug Repositioning for Gynecologic Tumors: A New Therapeutic Strategy for Cancer

Ritonavir blocks AKT signaling, activates apoptosis and inhibits migration and invasion in ovarian cancer cells

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