Modern heavyweight concrete shielding: Principles, industrial applications and future challenges; review

Cheah, Chee Ban; Khalaf, Mohammed A.; Ramli, Mahyuddin; Ahmed, Naser M.; Ahmad, Muntaser S.; Ali, Amal Mohamed Ahmed; Dawood, Eethar Thanon; Ameri, Farshad

doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102290

Cited by 32 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Since it is known that various components significantly affect the structural properties of concrete the use of different components is preferred in researches. [20][21][22][23][24][25] Barite, magnetite, hematite, and different species of iron ores are examples of such materials but Gencel et al 26 state that these materials are expensive, for this reason, there is an obvious need to improve heavy concrete using different materials, which is cost effective as well as good shielding and mechanical specifications. Many researches were made about the contingency of obtaining high-density concrete with minimized thickness but diminished attenuation coefficients by analyzing the effect of different material mixture proportions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heavy concrete is an expensive material with high strength and density, therefore it is considered difficult to work on. Since it is known that various components significantly affect the structural properties of concrete the use of different components is preferred in researches 20‐25 . Barite, magnetite, hematite, and different species of iron ores are examples of such materials but Gencel et al 26 state that these materials are expensive, for this reason, there is an obvious need to improve heavy concrete using different materials, which is cost effective as well as good shielding and mechanical specifications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gamma irradiation, thermal conductivity, and phase change tests of the cement‐hyperbranched poly amino‐ester‐block‐poly cabrolactone‐polyurathane plaster‐lead oxide and arsenic oxide composite for development of radiation shielding material

Cinan

Baskan

Erol

et al. 2021

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary The work which has been done on cement‐polymer composite based shielding materials was comprehensively described in the present article, the choice of the study presented here is based on the choice of the researches. The new Hyperbranched Poly Amino‐Ester‐block‐Poly Caprolactone‐Polyurathane Plaster‐concrete composites mixed with different percentage soft lead oxide and arsenic oxide is used to research gamma‐ray shielding and thermal conductivity characteristics. The synthesis of new Hyperbranched Poly Amino‐Ester‐block‐Poly Caprolactone‐Polyurathane copolymer was achieved by Atom Transfer Reaction and Condensation Polymerization methods. The characterization of Hyperbranched Poly Amino‐Ester‐block‐Poly Caprolactone‐Polyurathane Plaster was made with the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Gel Permeation Chromatography, Thermogravimetric Analysis, Scanning Electron Microscope methods. The transmitted fluxes of gamma‐rays that were emitted from Eu152 source was detected by a High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector system at Karadeniz Technical University‐Department of Physics in Trabzon and analyzed by a GammaVision (Version:6.07‐Ortec, Oak Ridge, TN) computer program. The composite phase change materials including 89, 87, 69, 67% Portland cement, 1% and 3% PU‐Plaster, 10% and 30% weight percent lead oxide and arsenic oxide was irradiated in the various gamma ray photon energy region (121.78, 344.28, 778.90, 964.08, 1085.87, 1112.07, and 1408.01 keV) for 3600 seconds. Then, linear attenuation coefficients, mass attenuation coefficients, half‐value layer, tenth value layer, mean free path, radiation protection efficiency, and gamma‐rays absorption of concrete‐the Hyperbranched Poly Amino‐Ester‐block‐Poly Caprolactone‐Polyurathane copolymers specimens were experimentally investigated. Thermal properties and morphological analysis of the irradiated substances were explored handling differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscope methods of the nano lead oxide and arsenic oxide including composite phase change material via gamma irradiation were submitted. Moreover, the effect of the Hyperbranched Poly Amino‐Ester‐block‐Poly Caprolactone‐Polyurathane amount on the radiation attenuation of the composite material was investigated. Gamma attenuation experiments have been performed to specify lead equivalent values for the improved composite material. The composite equivalent thickness values from 0.5 to 0.6 cm sample thickness and 0.665 cm radius were obtained. Via crosschecking the acquired data from concrete samples with and without lead and arsenic, it was observed that, if the powder of lead oxide and arsenic oxide to cement ratio of 10% and 30% by weight is added in the concrete mixture, the concrete‐the Hyperbranched Poly Amino‐Ester‐block‐Poly Caprolactone‐Polyurathane composite can be used as a suitable shield against gamma rays. Also, mass attenuation coefficients were calculated as theoret...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gamma irradiation, thermal conductivity, and phase change tests of the cement‐hyperbranched poly amino‐ester‐block‐poly cabrolactone‐polyurathane plaster‐lead oxide and arsenic oxide composite for development of radiation shielding material

Cinan

Baskan

Erol

et al. 2021

Intl J of Energy Research

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“…Jest on zwykle wykonywany z kruszyw ciężkich i stosowany jako osłona przed promieniowaniem (1)(2)(3). Gęstość betonu ciężkiego wynosi od 3500 do 6000 kg/cm 3 , czyli około 1,5-2,5 razy więcej, niż typowego betonu (4)(5)(6)(7). Wraz z postępem nauki, inżynierowie budownictwa jądrowego oraz lądowego i wodnego zawsze starali się projektować materiały wykorzystujące kruszywa, które mogą odgrywać rolę ochronną przed promieniowaniem X i gamma.…”

Section: Wprowadzenieunclassified

Ferrophosphorus aggregates shielding properties on heavy concrete exposed to gamma-rays, cesium-137 source

2021

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This study aims to investigate the linear attenuation coefficient and density of samples made of ferrophosphorus and typical aggregates, steel powder, and nanosilica powder in different ratios. Therefore, 60 concrete samples with dimensions of 15×15×15 cm and different contents of the mentioned materials were prepared. After the density was measured, the linear attenuation coefficients of the samples were measured by gamma radiation emitted from the cesium-137 source. The results showed that ferrophosphorus was the most effective factor in increasing the linear attenuation coefficient and the density of the concrete. After ferrophosphorus, steel and nanosilica powder – although much less than ferrophosphorus – increased the density and linear attenuation coefficient. The sample made of 100% ferrophosphorus aggregate and 20% steel powder without nanosilica powder had the highest density of 4395 kg/m3, and the sample made of 100% typical aggregate and 10% steel powder, without nanosilica powder, had the lowest density equal to 2269 kg/m3. The highest linear attenuation coefficient – 0.295 was related to the sample made of 100% ferrophosphorus, 30% steel powder, and 5% nanosilica powder. The lowest linear attenuation coefficient – 0.151 was related to the sample made of 8% nanosilica, without the ferrophosphorus and steel powder. The results indicated that the concrete density was directly correlated with the linear attenuation coefficient.

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“…Heavyweight concrete is characterized by its density, which is greater than 2600 kg/m 3 [23] as compared to ordinary concrete composed of normal weight aggregate having density ranges from 2200 kg/m 3 to 2600 kg/m 3 [24]. Density has a profound impact on the structural elements, allowing an appreciable reduction in the thicknesses of protective members while not compromising on shielding performance [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. A high density of concrete is usually attained by using high-density aggregates, such as barite, goethite, magnetite, hematite, serpentine, lead, heavy metal oxide, steel slag, steel shot, and colemanite [33][34][35][36][37][38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational AI Models for Investigating the Radiation Shielding Potential of High-Density Concrete

et al. 2022

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Concrete is an economical and efficient material for attenuating radiation. The potential of concrete in attenuating radiation is attributed to its density, which in turn depends on the mix design of concrete. This paper presents the findings of a study conducted to evaluate the radiation attenuation with varying water-cement ratio (w/c), thickness, density, and compressive strength of concrete. Three different types of concrete, i.e., normal concrete, barite, and magnetite containing concrete, were prepared to investigate this study. The radiation attenuation was calculated by studying the dose absorbed by the concrete and the linear attenuation coefficient. Additionally, artificial neural network (ANN) and gene expression programming (GEP) models were developed for predicting the radiation shielding capacity of concrete. A correlation coefficient (R), mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean square error (RMSE) were calculated as 0.999, 1.474 mGy, 2.154 mGy and 0.994, 5.07 mGy, 5.772 mGy for the training and validation sets of the ANN model, respectively. Similarly, for the GEP model, these values were recorded as 0.981, 13.17 mGy, and 20.20 mGy for the training set, whereas the validation data yielded R = 0.985, MAE = 12.2 mGy, and RMSE = 14.96 mGy. The statistical evaluation reflects that the developed models manifested close agreement between experimental and predicted results. In comparison, the ANN model surpassed the accuracy of the GEP models, yielding the highest R and the lowest MAE and RMSE. The parametric and sensitivity analysis revealed the thickness and density of concrete as the most influential parameters in contributing towards radiation shielding. The mathematical equation derived from the GEP models signifies its importance such that the equation can be easily used for future prediction of radiation shielding of high-density concrete.

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Modern heavyweight concrete shielding: Principles, industrial applications and future challenges; review

Cited by 32 publications

References 74 publications

Gamma irradiation, thermal conductivity, and phase change tests of the cement‐hyperbranched poly amino‐ester‐block‐poly cabrolactone‐polyurathane plaster‐lead oxide and arsenic oxide composite for development of radiation shielding material

Gamma irradiation, thermal conductivity, and phase change tests of the cement‐hyperbranched poly amino‐ester‐block‐poly cabrolactone‐polyurathane plaster‐lead oxide and arsenic oxide composite for development of radiation shielding material

Ferrophosphorus aggregates shielding properties on heavy concrete exposed to gamma-rays, cesium-137 source

Computational AI Models for Investigating the Radiation Shielding Potential of High-Density Concrete

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