Modern imaging of renal tuberculosis in children

Abstract

Renal tuberculosis is relatively uncommon in children. Imaging of renal tuberculosis in children differs from adults in that intravenous urography is rarely performed for urinary symptoms in childhood because of radiation dose considerations. Modern imaging modalities include cross-sectional techniques such as ultrasound, CT and MRI, which successfully show renal, calyceal, ureteric and bladder pathology of renal tuberculosis in children.

Clinical presentation and epidemiology of female genital tuberculosis in eastern Sudan

“…The direct smear of urine analysis to demonstrate Mycobacterium is negative in 70% of cases; but there is high sensitivity of urine cultures for this purpose. The sensitivity of urine culture to detect Mycobacterium is more than 80% and it requires 6–8 weeks [15–17].…”

Magnetic resonance imaging as a clue to successful diagnosis of renal tuberculosis: a case report

“…Renal calcifications are a one of the common manifestations of tuberculosis at conventional radiography, occurring in 24-44% [2]. Intravenous urography may show a variety of findings, including moth-eaten calyces, amputated infundibula, hydronephrosis or hydronephroureter due to ureteral strictures and non-function of a kidney [3,4]. CT is the most sensitive modality for renal calcifications which occur in over 50% of cases of genitourinary tuberculosis [2,5] and is thought to be a mainstay in the diagnostic images of renal tuberculosis, showing renal parenchymal cavity, mass and scaring, local parenchymal thinning, stricture of infundibula [4,6].…”

“…CT urography is a relatively new imaging examination which can provide comprehensive evaluation of both renal parenchyma and urothelium. Thus, sings of ureteral and bladder involvement by the disease may be nicely depicted [3]. The most useful radiologic feature of urinary tract tuberculosis is the multiplicity of abnormal findings [2], therefore the diagnosis of the disease can be suggested by a single examination (CT urography).…”

“…The most useful radiologic feature of urinary tract tuberculosis is the multiplicity of abnormal findings [2], therefore the diagnosis of the disease can be suggested by a single examination (CT urography). Although MRI is reportedly of limited value in diagnostic images, it has an ability to depict the characteristic features corresponding to the subtle pathological changes and has some advantages including no radiation burden, detective capability of dilated collecting system, calyx and ureteral strictures independent of renal function [3,7]. In present case, these findings of local parenchymal thinning and dilated calices might be pathologically ascribed to characteristic tubercular changes, not only inflammation, fibrosis and destructive caseous necrosis in the renal parenchyma, but the stricture by fibrosis at ureter and/or calyx infundibula.…”

Renal Tuberculosis: The Enigma Continues

“…Percutaneous antegrade access is required if retrograde access is unachievable or insufficient for drainage of the kidney. It also provides a route for obtaining urine samples from the renal pelvis or tuberculous cavities for culture and to assess therapeutic drug concentration at the target sites [37].…”