Modern Management of Obesity—the "Social Diet"

Plotz, Milton

doi:10.1001/jama.1959.03010130017003

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Although the active medication group lost significantly more weight than placebo (~~0 . 0 5 ) in only 40% of these studies, the active drug group lost more weight than the placebo group in 90% of the studies (19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Benzocaine, a topical anesthetic that acts upon nerve endings to reduce taste and the ability to detect different degrees of sweetness, has been reported to give weight loss when given in the form of lozenges or gum (5)(6)(7)23). Plotz showed a weight loss of 2.3 lblweek over the first 3 weeks of a 10-week study and 1.8 lblweek thereafter using an open-label design in which he gave a diet and methylcellulose-benzocaine gum to 50 subjects, 45 of whom had heart disease (5). Gould gave a diet and benzocaine candy before eating to 100 obese hypertensive subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Benzocaine, a topical anesthetic, has been shown to act upon nerve endings, effect taste, and decrease the ability to detect different degrees of sweetness (5)(6)(7). PPA, by contrast, decreases appetite by acting on central alpha-1 receptors (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Double‐Blind, Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled Clinical Trials with Non‐Prescription Medications for the Treatment of Obesity

et al. 1999

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GREENWAY, FRANK, DAVID HEBER, WILLIAM RAUM, AND SILVIA MORALES. Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials with non-prescription medications for the treatment of obesity. Obes Res. 1999;Objective: Phenylpropanolamine (PPA) and benzocaine are non-prescription medications approved for treating obesity. The dose of PPA for weight loss is 75 mg/day. PPA has the same chemical similarity to pseudoephedrine that amphetamine has to methamphetamine. Because benzocaine causes weight loss by altering taste and PPA by central appetite suppression, they may induce additional weight loss when combined. These studies explore the safety and efficacy of low-dose PPA, pseudoephedrine, and PPA with benzocaine in causing weight loss. Research Methods and Procedures: Study 1 compared PPA 12.5 mg tid with 25 mg tid and placebo in a 6-week trial in 108 obese subjects. Study 2 compared pseudoephedrine 120 mg/day and a placebo in a 12-week trial with 72 obese subjects. Study 3 compared 4 groups of 20 obese subjects using PPA 75 mg/day, benzocaine gum 96 mg/day, PPA with benzocaine gum, and a placebo over 12 weeks. Results: Both doses of PPA gave twice the weight loss of placebo, but the difference did not reach statistical significance. Pseudoephedrine was no different than placebo in inducing weight loss. The PPA with benzocaine group had more adverse events than the benzocaine group (p = 0.03), 7:370-378. the placebo group (p = 0.03), or the PPA group (p = 0.09) without additional weight loss. Discussion: We conclude that further studies with low-dose PPA for weight loss are indicated, that pseudoephedrine is not effective for weight loss, and that adding benzocaine to phenylpropanolamine increases adverse effects without increasing weight loss.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Double‐Blind, Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled Clinical Trials with Non‐Prescription Medications for the Treatment of Obesity

et al. 1999

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“…In a study (13) of the management of obesity by simply reducing the portions of everything eaten by about one‐quarter, the special amphetamine combination was found to be a strong anorectic with a genuine therapeutic action not to be explained by suggestion or a placebo effect.…”

Section: Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Comparison of Weight Losses With Three Reducing Regimens—diet Therapy, Phenmetrazine, and an Amphetamine Combination (Obetrol)

Berman¹,

Anderson²

1966

J American Geriatrics Society

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The pattern of compulsive eating is strikingly similar to that of dipsomania. The majority of patients who lose weight will regain it within a year, and 40 per cent will attain or exceed their previous weight in spite of good intentions and ordinary therapy (1). For this reason i t is desirable to conduct a follow-up study of any reducing regimen, to determine the long-term as well as the immediate results.I n the present investigation the procedure included intensive treatment for a period of ten weeks with follow-up for six months, nine months or one year. The purpose was to determine to what extent the new dietary habits begun during the ten-week period had succeeded in re-educating the patient regarding his weight-control problem. REGIMENS-DIET THERAPY, PHENMETRAZINE, AND AN DIETRigid menus and calorie tables impose a serious hardship and inconvenience which often result in complete abandonment of the reducing program. Therefore we have instituted a program of nutritional counseling designed to provide a high-protein, low-carbohydrate type of diet in a form that will be satisfactory to the individual patient.First, the subject is asked to record her actual diet for one week. This diet is then reviewed and modified in order to reduce the excessive amounts of carbohydrates and replace them with as much protein as possible. I n addition, fresh fruits and vegetables are substituted for high caloried food of poorer nutritional value (2).The generally accepted dietary plan for control of obesity provides a liberal allowance of protein because of its high satiety value, specific dynamic action, and importance in protecting tissue and building muscles. The fat intake should be minimal, restricted primarily to the eggs and meat necessarily included in the increased protein ratio. The carbohydrates should be limited chiefly to the low-carbohydrate bulky fruits and vegetables (3).Storage of fat in the body cannot take place unless glucose is being metabolized. There is a close relationship between the metabolism of carbohydrate (glucose) and the synthesis of both fatty acids and triglyceride or neutral fat. This link is mediated through 3 main channels as follows:1. Glycolysis, which is the main source of pyruvic acid and acetyl CoA, from which fatty acids are synthesized.2. Oxidation of glucose by the pentose pathway or the hexose monophosphate shunt; this generates the cofactor-reduced triphosphopyridine nucleo-623

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Dietary Approaches to the Treatment of Obesity

Itallie

1978

Psychiatric Clinics of North America

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Modern Management of Obesity—the "Social Diet"

Cited by 5 publications

References 2 publications

Double‐Blind, Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled Clinical Trials with Non‐Prescription Medications for the Treatment of Obesity

Double‐Blind, Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled Clinical Trials with Non‐Prescription Medications for the Treatment of Obesity

Comparison of Weight Losses With Three Reducing Regimens—diet Therapy, Phenmetrazine, and an Amphetamine Combination (Obetrol)

Dietary Approaches to the Treatment of Obesity

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