Modern Methods for the Sustainable Synthesis of Metalloporphyrins

Gomes, Carla; Peixoto, Mariana; Piñeiro, Marta

doi:10.3390/molecules26216652

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In 2021, Pineiro et al prepared a series of metalloporphyrins from their corresponding metal-free porphyrins by sono-or mechanochemical activations. 129 Generally speaking, conventional approaches to metalloporphirins metalloporphyrins involve the complexation of a metal salt by porphyrin in solution. The major drawbacks of this methodology derive from the use of hazardous solvents (e.g., DMF, CHCl 3 /MeOH) and the need for a significant excess of metal salts required.…”

Section: Scheme 15 Indole By Fischer Mechanochemical Synthesis and In...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Green metrics in mechanochemistry

Fantozzi,

Volle,

Porcheddu

et al. 2023

Chem. Soc. Rev.

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Section: Scheme 15 Indole By Fischer Mechanochemical Synthesis and In...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Green metrics in mechanochemistry

Fantozzi,

Volle,

Porcheddu

et al. 2023

Chem. Soc. Rev.

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show abstract

“…Porphyrins are characterized by the presence of four nitrogen atoms in the core of the aromatic ring, capable of hosting metal ions of a wide variety [ 48 ]. The importance of the nature of this metal core is illustrated by the natural porphyrin architectures, which are responsible for performing essential life activities, such as oxygen transport (iron heme and cobalt hemocyanin porphyrins) or photosynthesis and energy transmission in algae and plants (magnesium-chelated chlorophylls) [ 49 ].…”

Section: Porphyrin Architectural Motifsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling Structure–Performance Relationships in Porphyrin-Sensitized TiO2 Photocatalysts

Vaz

Pérez‐Lorenzo

2023

Nanomaterials

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Over the years, porphyrins have arisen as exceptional photosensitizers given their ability to act as chlorophyll-mimicking dyes, thus, transferring energy from the light-collecting areas to the reaction centers, as it happens in natural photosynthesis. For this reason, porphyrin-sensitized TiO2-based nanocomposites have been widely exploited in the field of photovoltaics and photocatalysis in order to overcome the well-known limitations of these semiconductors. However, even though both areas of application share some common working principles, the development of solar cells has led the way in what is referred to the continuous improvement of these architectures, particularly regarding the molecular design of these photosynthetic pigments. Yet, those innovations have not been efficiently translated to the field of dye-sensitized photocatalysis. This review aims at filling this gap by performing an in-depth exploration of the most recent advances in the understanding of the role played by the different structural motifs of porphyrins as sensitizers in light-driven TiO2-mediated catalysis. With this goal in mind, the chemical transformations, as well as the reaction conditions under which these dyes must operate, are taken in consideration. The conclusions drawn from this comprehensive analysis offer valuable hints for the implementation of novel porphyrin–TiO2 composites, which may pave the way toward the fabrication of more efficient photocatalysts.

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“…In 2021, Pineiro et al prepared a series of metalloporphyrins from their corresponding metal-free porphyrins by sono-or mechanochemical activations. 101 Generally speaking, conventional approaches to metalloporphirins metalloporphyrins involve the complexation of a metal salt by porphyrin in solution. The major drawbacks of this methodology derive from the use of hazardous solvents (e.g., DMF, CHCl3/MeOH) and the need for a significant excess of metal salts required.…”

Section: Multicomponent Reactions and Synthesis Of Heterocyclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green metrics in Mechanochemistry

Fantozzi

Volle

Porcheddu

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The development of new green methodologies and their broader adoption for promoting sustainable development in chemistry laboratories and industry play a significant role in society, due to the economic importance of chemistry and its and widespread presence in everyday life. Therefore, a sustainable approach to chemistry contributes to the well-being of worldwide population and comply with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) and the European Green Deal. The review highlights how mechanochemical methods in batch and in continuous are an eco-friendly approach for organic synthesis, with a lower environmental footprint in most cases, compared to solution-based procedures. The assessment is objectively based on the use of green metrics (e.g. atom and real atom economy, E-factor, Process Mass Intensity, Material Parameter Recovery, Eco-scale, Stoichiometric Factor, etc.) and indicators (e.g. DOZN tool and Life Cycle Assessment, LCA, studies) applied to organic transformations such as synthesis of amide bond, carbamates, heterocycles, Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs), porphyrins, Porous Organic Polymers (POPs), metal- or acid-catalysed processes, multicomponent and condensation reactions, rearrangements, etc. The generalized absence of bulk solvents, the precise control over the stoichiometry (i.e., using agents in a stoichiometrically rather than in excess), and the more selective reactions enabling simplified work-up procedures are the distinctive factors marking the superiority of mechanochemical processes over solution-based chemistry.

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Modern Methods for the Sustainable Synthesis of Metalloporphyrins

Cited by 9 publications

References 38 publications

Green metrics in mechanochemistry

Green metrics in mechanochemistry

Unraveling Structure–Performance Relationships in Porphyrin-Sensitized TiO2 Photocatalysts

Green metrics in Mechanochemistry

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