Modern practices in electrophoretic deposition to manufacture energy storage electrodes

Abstract

The applications of electrophoretic deposition (EPD) to the development of electrochemical energy storage (EES) devices such as batteries and supercapacitors are reviewed. A discussion on the selection of parameters for optimizing EPD electrode performance, such as light-directed EPD, co-deposition of active materials such as metal oxides and materials manufactured with high porosity and fibrous properties is highlighted. Additionally, means for overcoming obstacles in the improvement of the mechanical properties, conductivity and surface area of EES materials are discussed. The exceptional benefits of EPD such as low cost, small processing time, simple apparatus requirements, homogeneous coatings, binder-free deposits and selective modification associated with thickness and mass loadings leading to effective EES electrode materials are highlighted. Finally, EPD processes have evolved as modern manufacturing tools to produce technologically improved solid electrolytes and separators for lithium-ion and/or sodium-ion batteries, and further research and development programmes are encouraged towards industrialisation.

Integration of supercapacitor with solar cell based on NiO 2 and CdS nanopillars embedded in porous anodic alumina templates

“…In contrast to EDLC, pseudocapacitors use a quick and reversible faradaic redox process to store electrical energy by transferring charges from electrode to electrolyte. They have a greater ED value than EDLC, but chemical processes reduce their power density and shorten their lifespan 39‐43 …”

“…Several review papers on various PVSC, 12‐29 EES devices, 29‐48 and integrated systems 1‐12 have been published recently. As much as 90% of the worldwide PV market is currently dominated by the first‐generation Si‐based PVSCs, which have a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) as high as 27%, 12,21 as well as good stability and fixed industrial production standards.…”

“…Electrochemical Li‐ion batteries (ECB), 29 capacitors, and electrochemical supercapacitors (SC) 30‐45 are the primary electrochemical EES components at the moment. The primary distinction between SCs and ECBs is how they operate their charge storage systems.…”

“…Several review papers on various PVSC, [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] EES devices, [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] and integrated systems [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] have been published recently. As much as 90% of the worldwide PV market is currently dominated by the first-generation Sibased PVSCs, which have a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) as high as 27%,…”

“…Over the past 20 years, these solar cells have been improved even more, and to this day, their PCE reaches 22.1%. 17 Electrochemical Li-ion batteries (ECB), 29 capacitors, and electrochemical supercapacitors (SC) [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] are the primary electrochemical EES components at the moment. The primary distinction between SCs and ECBs is how they operate their charge storage systems.…”