Modern Synthetic Approaches to Phthalonitriles with Special Emphasis on Transition-Metal Catalyzed Cyanation Reactions

Martynov, Alexander G.; Birin, Kirill P.; Gorbunova, Yulia G.; Tsivadze, А. Yu.

doi:10.6060/mhc130221m

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Synthesis of zinc and magnesium phthalocyaninates 1 and 2 , respectively, was performed by refluxing a mixture of previously synthesized phthalonitrile24, 25 with corresponding metal acetate and DBU in isoamyl alcohol for 1 day, as presented in Scheme . Chromatographic purification on neutral alumina afforded the isolation of target phthalocyanines in 89 % yield for 1 and 65 % for 2 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

„Zwerge“ aus dem Minilabor

Marmé

Aupperle‐Pauls

Pauls

et al. 2014

Chemkon

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Zusammenfassung: Die Nanotechnologie in all ihren Facetten wird für die moderne Gesellschaft immer wichtiger und gilt als eine der Schlüsseltechnologien des 21. Jahrhunderts. In diesem Artikel werden schulgerechte Synthesen von Gold-und Silber-Nanopartikeln mit Hilfe eines Minilabors vorgestellt, die im außerschulischen Lernort, im Schüler-praktikum oder auch im Rahmen grçßerer Projekte eigenständig durchgeführt werden kçnnen. Außerdem wird ein schülerzentriertes Konzept für eine Nanotechnologie-Unterrichtseinheit vorgestellt, welches auf den Erwerb von den in den Bildungsplänen geforderten Schlüsselkompeten-zen zielt und den Schülerinnen und Schülern einen Einblick in den Wissenschaftsalltag und in wissenschaftliche Arbeitsund Vorgehensweisen geben soll.Stichworte: Gold-und Silber-Nanopartikel · Redoxreaktionen · Tyndall-Effekt Dwarf particles out of a Mini Lab -Synthesis of metallic nanoparticlesAbstract: Nanotechnology and its broad range of applications are becoming more and more important for modern society. It is said to be one of the key technologies of the current century. This article shows ways of implementing nanotechnology in schools. The presented syntheses of gold and silver nanoparticles were carried out in a miniaturized lab and adapted for use in class. They are appropriate to be carried out by the pupils themselves in school or in science centers, in brief or in longer projects. Furthermore, a student-centered teaching concept for a complete nanotechnology unit focused on key qualifications as claimed by the national curricula is presented. Students can learn about scientific work methods and get an insight view of scientific daily routine.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

„Zwerge“ aus dem Minilabor

Marmé

Aupperle‐Pauls

Pauls

et al. 2014

Chemkon

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“…The most famous is the classic RosenmundBrown cyanidation reaction. Its modern modification, catalyzed by transition metal complexes, [16] significantly expanded the range of available ortho-dicarbonitriles. Despite the progress made recently in this field, alternative methods of synthesizing these compounds continue to be developed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Nitrogen-Containing Five-Membered Heterocyclic ortho-Dicarbonitriles for Preparation of Macroheterocycles

Chirkova¹,

Kabanova²,

Sharunov³

et al. 2014

MHC

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The reaction of aromatic nucleophilic substitution in 4-methyl-5-nitrophthalonitrile with reagents different structures was used for the synthesis of new substituted 4-azidophthalonitriles. The interaction of the obtained 4-azidophthalonitriles with acetylacetone leads to the formation of substituted (1,2,3-triazol-1-yl (1,2,3-триазол-1-ил)-5-стирилфталонитрилы, а кипячение в этиленгликоле дает 2-арил-1H-индол-5,6-дикарбо-нитрилы. Синтезированные N-содержащие

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“…Pyrrole (99 %, Acros Organics) and 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0]undec-7-en (DBU, Merck, >97 %) were used freshly distilled over CaH 2 . Free-base tetraarylporphyrins, [27] 4,5-dibutoxyphthalonitrile [28] and 4,5-dicyanobenzo-(15-crown-5) (DCB-15C5) [28,29] were prepared according to published conventional procedures.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%