Modern Technologies in Studying the Mechanisms, Diagnostics, and Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorders (Review)

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are among the most common and intractable neurological diseases characterized by high heterogeneity and requiring a person-oriented approach to diagnostics and treatment. The purpose of this review is to summarize the literature data of the last 5 years on the contribution of modern technologies to the knowledge of mechanisms, diagnostics, and treatment of ASD. Particular attention is paid to the possibilities of non-drug treatment of ASD with the help of neurointerface technologies, including the brain-computer interface and neurofeedback technologies. The advantages of the musical neurointerface elaborated by the authors with complex feedback from brain and heart biopotentials, providing the possibility of personalized treatment of ASD, are grounded.

Mechanisms of Light and Music Stimulation Controlled by a Person’s Own Brain and Heart Biopotentials or Those of Another Person

“…Audio-visual stimulation (AVS) has recently attracted increased attention due to a number of advantages: mobility, ease of implementation, fast and complex effects, capability to improve human health and functional state [ 1 – 6 ]. Recent studies have demonstrated the possibility of using AVS to improve sports training regimes [ 7 – 9 ] and to confirm the differential diagnosis in chronic disorder of consciousness [ 10 ].…”