Modern treatment of retinoblastoma: A 2020 review

Ancona‐Lezama, David; Dalvin, Lauren A; Shields, Carol L.

doi:10.4103/ijo.ijo_721_20

Cited by 151 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…This perspective was in contrast to the prevailing theory proposed in Cancer Cell that retinoblastoma arises from extendedly proliferative cells with an intrinsically death-resistant capacity, which was cited 200 times as the seventh papers on the list (32). The second most highest cited paper, also published in Nature in 2012, supposed that the epigenetic deregulation of key cancer pathways caused by RB1 loss may lead to the rapid development of retinoblastoma (33). In addition, a review entitled "retinoblastoma" and published in Lancet in 2012 presented the lessons learned about the management of retinoblastoma and proposed straightforward approaches to improve the survival chances and quality of life of children with retinoblastoma, which obtained the third most cited ranking (1).…”

Section: Focus In Retinoblastoma Researchmentioning

confidence: 90%

Publication Trends of Research on Retinoblastoma During 2001–2021: A 20-Year Bibliometric Analysis

Xie

Jia

et al. 2021

Front. Med.

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Background: Retinoblastoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy of childhood. Despite high survival and eye salvage as the result of various types of therapies, retinoblastoma remains a disease that places a considerable burden on developing countries. Our study attempted to analyse the research trends in retinoblastoma research and compare contributions from different countries, institutions, journals, and authors.Methods: We extracted all publications concerning retinoblastoma from 2001 to 2021 from the Web of Science database. Microsoft Excel and VOSviewer were employed to collect publication data, analyse publication trends, and visualize relevant results.Results: A total of 1,675 publications with 30,148 citations were identified. The United States contributed the most publications (643) and citations (16,931 times) with the highest H-index value (67) as of February 4, 2021. China ranked second in the number of publications (259), while ranking fourth in both citations (2,632 times) and the H-index (26) ranked fourth. The British Journal of Ophthalmology was the most productive journal concerning retinoblastoma, and Abramson DH had published the most papers in the field. Keywords were categorized into three clusters; tumor-related research, clinical research, and management-related research. The keywords “intravitreal,” “intraarterial,” and “intravenous” appeared the most frequently, with the average appearing year being 2018.1, 2017.7, and 2017.1, respectively. Management-related research has been recognized as a heavily researched topic in the field.Conclusion: We conclude that the United States, China, and India made the most exceptional contributions in the field of retinoblastoma research, while China still has a disparity between the quantity and quality of publications. Management-related research, including intravitreal, intraarterial, and intravenous chemotherapy was considered as a potential focus for future research.

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Section: Focus In Retinoblastoma Researchmentioning

confidence: 90%

Publication Trends of Research on Retinoblastoma During 2001–2021: A 20-Year Bibliometric Analysis

Xie

Jia

et al. 2021

Front. Med.

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“…IVC can achieve over 90% of tumor control for group A–C tumors and is also frequently used to treat group D retinoblastoma, albeit with lower ocular salvage rates 15 , 16 . Group D or E tumors with high-risk features, including concern for extraocular extension of the tumor to the surrounding structures during examination under anesthesia, optic nerve, or choroidal invasion, are generally enucleated to reduce the risk of metastasis 17 – 19 . Shields et al .…”

Section: Retinoblastomamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Melphalan is the most commonly used agent and usually achieves excellent vitreous seed control alone. However, if there is concern for resistance to melphalan, topotecan may be added simultaneously or separately to augment intravitreal therapy 17 . In some instances, seeds from the primary retinoblastoma lesion may disseminate to the anterior chamber.…”

Section: Retinoblastomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advancements in the management of retinoblastoma and uveal melanoma

Schefler¹,

Kim

2021

Fac Rev

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Retinoblastoma in children and uveal melanoma in adults can pose a serious threat to both vision and life. For many decades, enucleation was often the only option to treat these intraocular malignancies. For retinoblastoma, intra-arterial chemotherapy is often utilized as the primary treatment at advanced academic centers and has dramatically improved local tumor control and eye salvage rates. For uveal melanoma, both plaque brachytherapy and proton beam irradiation have served as widely utilized therapies with a local failure rate of approximately 1–10%, depending on the series. Major recent advancements have allowed for a better understanding of the genomics of uveal melanoma and the impact of certain mutations on metastatic susceptibility. Gene expression profile stratifies uveal melanomas into two classes: low-risk (class 1) and high-risk (class 2). A loss-of-function mutation of BAP1 is associated with a class 2 gene expression profile and therefore confers worse prognosis due to elevated risk of metastasis. On the other hand, gain-of-function mutations of EIF1AX and SF3B1 correspond to a gene expression profile of class 1A and class 1B and confer a better prognosis. Preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) is an antigen that increases metastatic susceptibility when expressed in uveal melanoma cells. In addition to plaque brachytherapy and proton beam irradiation, both of which have demonstrated superb clinical outcomes, scientists are actively investigating newer therapeutic modalities as either primary therapy or adjuvant treatment, including a novel nanoparticle therapy and immunotherapy.

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“…Парадигма лечения РБ на современном этапе включает проведение системной и/или локальной химиотерапии (ХТ) в целях хеморедукции с последующим локальным разрушением остаточной опухоли [4]. Локальные методы лечения, такие как брахитерапия (БТ), криодеструкция (КД) и транспупиллярная термотерапия (ТТТ), широко вошли в клиническую практику при недостаточной эффективности ХТ и зачастую позволяют добиться полной регрессии опухоли [5].…”

Section: актуальностьunclassified

“…ТТТ является одним из ключевых методов лечения малых РБ [4,6,7], при этом недостаточно изучены вопросы применения этого метода в лечении опухолей на периферии глазного дна, а также в терапии остаточных опухолей после неэффективности других локальных методов.…”

Section: актуальностьunclassified

Transpupillary laser thermotherapy of retinoblastoma

Яровой

Volodin

Яровая

et al. 2021

Ross. ž. det. gematol. onkol.

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Introduction. Despite the fact that transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) is one of the main local methods of small retinoblastoma (RB) destruction, only a few studies have been published on the use of this method, and they are devoted only to certain aspects of the application of TTT.Purpose of the study – to evaluate the effectiveness of TTT in the treatment of children with RB.Material and methods. In the period from 2011 to 2020, 177 children (224 eyes, 1156 tumors) with RB were treated by TTT. Of these, 99 (56 %) patients were boys, 78 (44 %) – girls. The mean age at the time of treatment was 16.8 months (from 0 to 86 months). Bilateral RB was observed in 128 (72.3 %) patients, monolateral – in 49 (27.7 %). In 51 (28.8 %) cases, TTT was performed on an only eye. TTT was performed on eyes that had RB of groups A (n = 43; 19 %), B (n = 81; 36 %), C (n = 31; 14 %), D (n = 63; 28 %), E (n = 6; 3 %). In total, 1156 tumors were treated by TTT. 488 (42 %) tumors were localized post-equatorially (of which 27 were located juxtapapillary, 23 – in the macular zone, 22 – paramacular). 668 (58 %) foci had pre-equatorial localization (on the middle and far periphery of the fundus). The number of foci in one eye varied from 1 to 48 (mean – 5). The mean tumor thickness was 1.1 mm (from 0.2 to 4.5), the mean base diameter was 2.2 mm (from 0.3 to 13.4). TTT was performed using a diode laser with the following parameters: wavelength – 810 nm, spot diameter – 1200 microns, power from 200 to 800 mW (mean – 350 mW), exposure-from 3 to 15 s in the application mode, and continuous in the scanning mode.Results. Complete tumor regression after TTT was achieved in 92 % of cases (1064 tumors). Incomplete regression of the tumor with stabilization was achieved in 0.7 % (8 tumors). The average number of TTT sessions to achieve full regression was 1.7 (from 1 to 10). Complete tumor regression after 1 TTT session was achieved in 54 % of cases (622 tumors), after 2 sessions – in 11 % (132 tumors), after 3 sessions – in 7 % (85 tumors), after 4 or more sessions– in 19 % (225 tumors). In 7 % of cases (82 tumors), due to the progression of the tumor, other treatment methods (brachytherapy, cryotherapy, stereotactic radiosurgery) were applied. 209 (93 %) eyes were preserved. 15 (7 %) eyes were enucleated due to continued tumor growth, total retinal detachment, vitreous hemorrhage, or subatrophy of the eyeball. The mean follow-up after TTT was 35.5 months (from 3 to 112 months).Conclusion. TTT is a highly effective method of RB treatment and can be used for destruction of small primary foci of both post-equatorial and pre-equatorial localization, residual tumors after inefficiency of other local methods. TTT is also effective in the treatment of large cavitary tumors located in functionally significant areas of the retina.

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Modern treatment of retinoblastoma: A 2020 review

Cited by 151 publications

References 87 publications

Publication Trends of Research on Retinoblastoma During 2001–2021: A 20-Year Bibliometric Analysis

Publication Trends of Research on Retinoblastoma During 2001–2021: A 20-Year Bibliometric Analysis

Recent advancements in the management of retinoblastoma and uveal melanoma

Transpupillary laser thermotherapy of retinoblastoma

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