Modern Trends in the In Vitro Production and Use of Callus, Suspension Cells and Root Cultures of Medicinal Plants

Abstract

This paper studies modern methods of producing and using callus, suspension cells and root cultures of medicinal plants in vitro. A new solution for natural product production is the use of an alternative source of renewable, environmentally friendly raw materials: callus, suspension and root cultures of higher plants in vitro. The possibility of using hairy root cultures as producers of various biologically active substances is studied. It is proven that the application of the genetic engineering achievements that combine in vitro tissue culture and molecular biology methods was groundbreaking in terms of the intensification of the extraction process of compounds significant for the medical industry. It is established that of all the callus processing methods, suspension and root cultures in vitro, the Agrobacterium method is the most widely used in practice. The use of agrobacteria has advantages over the biolistic method since it increases the proportion of stable transformation events, can deliver large DNA segments and does not require special ballistic devices. As a result of the research, the most effective strains of agrobacteria are identified.

Study of the Properties of In Vitro Dactylorhiza maculata (L.) Soó (Family Orchidaceae) Extracts

“…The conditions were: eluent phosphate buffer, pH 8.8, 30% acetonitrile, flow rate 1 mL/min, chromatography time 60 min. The collection of individual substances was carried out automatically using a fraction collector [ 3 ].…”

“…A paper disc with a nutrient medium was used as a control, and a disc with antibiotic rifampicin (from a standard kit) was used as a reference drug. Petri dishes were incubated at a temperature corresponding to the optimal growth temperature of each test strain for 24 ± 0.5 h. The results were accounted by the presence and size (in mm) of the transparent zone showing the absence of microorganism growth around the disc [ 3 ].…”

“…Among the many medicines used to preserve the livestock and treat diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, course and feed antibiotics are most often used; however, their prolonged and unconsidered use reduces the body’s resistance to fungal and staphylococcal infections, and disrupts the processes of digestion and metabolism, as a result of which it decreases live weight gain and the quality of livestock products, including the fact that meat raw materials may contain residual amounts of antibiotic agents [ 3 ]. In addition, pathogens tend to acquire resistance to frequently and long-used antibiotics, leading to the ineffectiveness of their use [ 4 ].…”

Engineering Considerations to Produce Bioactive Compounds from Plant Cell Suspension Culture in Bioreactors

“…The main differences found in the literature about in vitro plant cell cultures with whole wild plants comprise a higher cell growth intensity, the mechanisms of synthesis and reserve organelles for PDSM, and the concentration of PDSM. Despite most of the PDSM contents recovered in plant cell cultures usually being lower than those obtained in wild plants, there are some successful cases where super-producer strains have been achieved [46,47]. According to the literature [48], PCC is defined as the process where plant cells or plant tissues are isolated from plant organs and cultivated under artificial environmental conditions, taking advantage of plants' regeneration ability by means of cuttings or explants.…”

Xanthones Production in Gentiana dinarica Beck Hairy Root Cultures Grown in Simple Bioreactors

“…Hairy roots are an attractive source of phytochemicals due to their proven genetic and biosynthetic stability that offers possibilities for establishing the standards with various parameters, which can affect mass accumulation and bioactive compound production [ 45 ]. The selection of valuable hairy root clone/s is also one of the important steps for further optimization of in vitro culture for scaling-up biomass and biochemical production.…”