Modern Views on the Role of Neutrophils in the Immune Response

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The purpose of the work is to assess the levels of IgG, IgM and neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in medical workers during the year (2020-2021) before the start of mass vaccination, depending on the presence of clinical symptoms and positive PCR test. It is established that people without antibodies to SARSCoV-2 do not have neutralizing antibodies. The antibody levels, as well as percentage of neutralization, were higher in individuals who had just recovered from Covid-19 and have positive PCR at the beginning of the disease compared to those who had no clinical manifestation. There was a positive correlation between the level of IgG and percentage of neutralization. In persons without pronounced clinical symptoms of coronavirus infection, moderately positive neutralizing antibodies prevail, whereas in the vast majority of recovered individuals they are highly positive.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IgG, IgM and neutralizing antibodies to SARS-COV-2 in medical workers during the year (2020-2021) before the start of mass vaccination

Kornatskyi¹,

Ryzhkova²,

Gavrilenko³

et al. 2022

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“…У жінок з СПКЯ вчені виявили в різних органах та системах, у тому числі в тканині яєчників, пошкоджені та нежиттєздатні клітини з характерними морфофункціональними змінами або їх фрагменти, видалення яких з організму людини може відбуватися за допомогою професійних фагоцитів -нейтрофілів через фагоцитоз [20]. Під час останнього активована НАДФН-оксидаза транспортує електрони з НАДФН і запускає процес утворення надмірної кількості активних форм кисню, який у нейтрофілах називають «кисневим вибухом» [21]. У результаті останнього активується фагоцитозіндукований апоптоз нейтрофільних лейкоцитів.…”

Section: результати та їх обговоренняunclassified

Viability and Types of Death of Blood Leukocytes in Rats With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Under Conditions of Intermittent Cold Exposure

Zhulikova,

Myroshnychenko,

Nakonechna

et al. 2023

The aim of our work is to assess the viability and determine the types of death of blood leukocytes in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) under conditions of intermittent cold exposure. The study was performed on 40 immature female rats of the WAG population, aged 27 days, divided into 5 groups of 8 animals each. Group 1 included intact rats. In group 2, rats were subcutaneously injected with 0.2 ml of purified and sterilized olive oil daily for 25 days. In group 3, rats were exposed to periodic cold exposure daily for 25 days. In group 4, dehydroepiandrosterone-induced PCOS was modeled in rats. In group 5, rats were injected with dehydroepiandrosterone against the background of periodic cold exposure. Leukocyte viability and death pathways were determined using a FACS Canto II flow cytometer (Becton Dickinson, USA). Rats with dehydroepiandrosteroneinduced PCOS showed a decrease in the percentage of viable leukocytes and an increase in the percentage of leukocytes in the early stage of apoptosis, while the number of leukocytes in the late stage of apoptosis and necrotic leukocytes did not change. In rats, on the background of the introduction of dehydroepiandrosterone under conditions of intermittent cold exposure, the percentage of viable leukocytes, as well as leukocytes at different stages of apoptosis and necrosis, corresponded to the physiological norm. Thus, the authors revealed a decrease in the viability of neutrophilic leukocytes in the blood of rats with dehydroepiandrosterone-induced PCOS due to the activation of apoptosis processes, as evidenced by an increase in the percentage of leukocytes at the initial stages of apoptosis. Intermittent cold exposure (4 h daily at +4°C for 25 days) against the background of dehydroepiandrosterone administration to rats had an anti-apoptotic effect, normalizing the viability of neutrophilic blood leukocytes.

Features of the Immune Response Formation to Thermal Trauma

Lynnyk¹,

Осадча²,

Kozynets³

et al. 2021

To study the effect of thermal trauma on the immune response formation, 43 patients aged 16 to 58 with body surface area of burns 20-60% were examined. The neutrophilic granulocytes (NG) and monocytes functional activity, the content of myeloperoxidase and substances with a positive reaction to Schiff’s periodic acid (PAS- stained substances), the cytokines content were determined: interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-4, IL- 6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Thermal damage caused changes in the immune response, which were characterized by a pro-inflammatory phase in which innate immunity cells (neutrophilic granulocytes, monocytes) acquired high functional activity, producing a higher content of proinflammatory cytokines. On the 2-3rd day after the burn injury in the peripheral blood, the interleukin-1β (IL-1β) content was 133.5 ± 21.1 pg/ml, the tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) content was 265 ± 115.5 pg/ml, which exceeded the reference values by 5.1 and 10.9 times, respectively. The content of IL-6 on the 2-3rd day was 85.30 ± 13.10 pg/ml. Also a concomitant syndrome of compensatory anti-inflammatory response developed with increasing production of anti-inflammatory IL-4: on the 2-3rd day after burn injury, its content was 268.5 pg/ml, exceeding the reference values by 8.2 times. The content of anti-inflammatory IL-10 was decreased. This suggests that anti-inflammatory cytokines do not compensate for the high content of pro-inflammatory factors. On the 7th-8th day after the burn injury, there was a tendency to further increase the content of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL- 1β and TNF-α to 148.0 ± 27.0, and 281.2 ± 146.7 pg/ml, respectively, while the content of IL-6 on the 7-8th day was 131.0 ± 11.1 pg/ml, the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 increased slightly, and the content of IL-4 decreased. These changes in the early period of burn disease dynamics, as well as reduced activity of myeloperoxidase and PAS- stained substances NG, point for a functional deficiency of NG, reduced enzymatic activity and cells energy resources decompensation. These changes could clinically lead to SIRS progression and multiorgan dysfunction.