Modern views on treatment of critical mitral stenosis

Abstract

Mitral stenosis - narrowing of the left atrioventricular orifice due to fusion of the leaflets of the bicuspid valve, changes in subvalvular structures and fibrous degeneration of the valve ring. This creates obstacles to the flow of blood from the left atrium and is accompanied by a decrease in stroke volume and cardiac output. Mitral stenosis leads to pulmonary hypertension syndrome. This review provides an update on rheumatic mitral stenosis, its possible causes, clinical picture diagnosis and modern treatment options in the evolving world. The latest therapeutic approaches, including lifestyle changes, medical, surgical, and transcatheter valvular interventions including percutaneous transcatheter mitral valvuloplasty will be discussed.