While the growing field of late modernist studies has established coherent geographic and temporal boundaries for its period in Britain, it has struggled to do the same for the United States. This essay proposes that ongoing critical efforts to establish an American late modernism have been organized and constrained less by national history than by a pair of aesthetic categories: style and autonomy. Scholars have deployed these categories in two competing ways: first, by defining late modernist style as a heroic escape from the reactionary autonomous art of “high” modernists like Ezra Pound and T.S. Eliot; second, by defining late modernism as an ideology of autonomous art established in the United States by critics like Cleanth Brooks and Clement Greenberg. Through a methodological critique of these two accounts, this essay argues for an American late modernism grounded upon a more dialectical understanding of the relationship between style and autonomy in modernist studies, one attuned to the political and cultural changes in the United States from the 1930s to the 1960s.