The article presents the results of research on mathematical modeling and forecasting of world dynamics carried out at Lomonosov Moscow State University under the guidance of academicians V.A.Sadovnichy and A.A.Akaev. The materials of the article reflect the view of Russian scientists on the cardinal changes taking place in the world in recent decades, based on modeling of long-term (lasting hundreds and thousands of years) macro-social processes. The analysis of options for further world development is made. Analysis and modeling have shown that the interaction in the "society-nature" system will depend on the type of social interactions that will be formed in the future society.