Modernization, Democratization, and the Development of Welfare States in Western Europe

Flora, Peter; Alber, Jens

doi:10.4324/9781351304924-5

Cited by 119 publications

(65 citation statements)

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“…Just like security and peace, solidarity is a necessary condition for polity maintenance, serving as the ‘inner cement holding together a society’ (Bayertz, , p. 9), the ‘glue that binds society and prevents it from disintegrating’ (Banting and Kymlicka, , p. 5). The comparative welfare state literature has extensively documented the key role played by ‘social sharing’ in the historical process of state‐ and nation‐building, especially after the extension of suffrage (Ferrera, ; Flora, ; Flora and Alber, ; Mau, ). Normative theories of citizenship have, in their turn, stressed the importance of membership ties and social rights as sources of identity and legitimation (Bauböck, , ).…”

Section: (Re) Constructing the Eu Moral Order: Pan‐european Cohementioning

confidence: 99%

Cross‐National Solidarity and Political Sustainability in the EU after the Crisis

Ferrera

Burelli

2019

J of Common Market Studies

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The recent economic shocks have severely tested the EU's political sustainability. The deep‐rooted and unending succession of existential crises demonstrates the sharp misalignment between the high degree of integration reached by the EU, its authority structure, and the absence of solidarity to sustain this structure. The contribution unfolds as follows: first, we claim that the Union has become a complex adaptive system and that attempts to restore the status quo ante are unrealistic. Section II shows that its authority structure is ill‐suited to steering the complex system because it lacks adequate instruments for addressing common risks and democratic externalities. Section III argues that contemporary EU leaders are failing to promote the principles of solidarity which, according to its founding father are required to disarm centrifugal tendencies. Section IV presents empirical evidence which signals the existence of considerable popular support for these pan‐European forms of solidarity.

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Section: (Re) Constructing the Eu Moral Order: Pan‐european Cohementioning

confidence: 99%

Cross‐National Solidarity and Political Sustainability in the EU after the Crisis

Ferrera

Burelli

2019

J of Common Market Studies

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“…Der soziale Problemdruck und die budgetären Verhältnisse stellen mit Sicherheit wichtige Bedingungen für den jeweiligen sozialpolitischen Entwicklungspfad dar. Für sich genommen erklären sie aber unzureichend, warum wann welche sozialpolitischen Entscheidungen getroffen werden, die eben auch von politischen Dynamiken und Institutionen abhängen (Flora/Alber 1981). Zu den bestimmenden Erklärungsfaktoren gehört aus Sicht der klassischen Parteiendifferenzhypothese die Zu-sammensetzung der jeweiligen Regierung (Hibbs 1977;Schmidt 1982), in der die Machtverteilung unterschiedlicher Klassen zum Ausdruck kommt.…”

Section: Ansätze Zur Erklärung Von Mindestsicherungsreformenunclassified

Die Österreichische Mindestsicherungsreform 2010: Von der Armuts- zur Arbeitsmarktpolitik

Fink¹,

Leibetseder²

2019

ozp

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Gegen den europäischen Mainstream war die originäre Zielsetzung der in den 2000er Jahren in Österreich verhandelten Sozialhilfereform eine einheitliche und armutsfeste Leistung zu schaffen. Die inhaltliche Ausgestaltung der im Jahr 2010 beschlossenen Bedarfsorientierten Mindestsicherung (BMS) erfüllte diese Bestrebungen jedoch schlussendlich nicht. Der Beitrag analysiert den gegenständlichen Prozess ausgehend vom bis in die 1980er Jahre zurückgehenden und sich wiederholt wandelnden Agendasetting bis zum Beschluss im Nationalrat im Jahr 2010. Als zentral kristallisiert sich dabei, vor dem Hintergrund unterschiedlicher theoretischer Erklärungsansätze, die sich mehrfach verändernde strategische und inhaltliche Positionierung der Sozialdemokratischen Partei (SPÖ) heraus. Ungeachtet dessen, dass ein Eintreten für vergleichsweise generöse Mindestsicherungsleistungen bei politischen AkteurInnen, die ein breites WählerInnenspektrum anzusprechen versuchen, generell eher unwahrscheinlich ist, wird am österreichischen Fall ersichtlich, dass sozialdemokratische Parteien – unter bestimmten „günstigen" Rahmenbedingungen und mobilisiert von individuellen AkteurInnen – auch proaktiv die Interessen von (potentiellen) MindestsicherungsbezieherInnen und damit von so genannten „Outsidern" vertreten. Ändert sich der Kontext jedoch in eine Richtung, die ein solches Engagement aus strategischen Überlegungen heraus fragwürdig erscheinen lässt, so besteht eine hohe Wahrscheinlichkeit, vom ursprünglichen Kurs bzw. der früheren Argumentationsbasis abzurücken. Letzteres erleichtert es anderen politischen Kräften wiederum die gegenständliche Debatte dominant in einen gänzlich anderen inhaltlichen Rahmen, im gegenständlichen Fall jenen von „Sozialmissbrauch und Leistungsgerechtigkeit", zu verschieben.

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“…Firstly, the fact that the NPS does not successfully achieve the basic missions of it as an old-age income security system would be one of the critical causes of the people's distrust. As mentioned before, welfare systems such as pension systems have to provide income security as well as poverty prevention for most participants (Flora and Heidenheimer, 1981). Moreover, adequate benefits, with which the middle and upper classes can maintain their living standards, must also be secured through ensuring effective saving mechanisms 16 .…”

Section: Policy Failure and Distrust Of The Public In The Npsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Fiscal Conservatism ; A Case Study of the 2007 National Pension System Reform in Korea

Lee

2019

IRFC

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This research intends to identify the influential factors in the 2007 National Pension System (NPS) reform in Korea (the Republic of Korea) which drove the NPS toward a structural transformation. This research also examines the applicability of the theory of Clemens and Cook (1999) to the Korean policy shift, who argue that the innate driving force of a policy, an internal contradiction, can be a critical source of structural policy change. A literature review based case study was carried out in this research. The findings are as follows. Firstly, rising fiscal conservatism was the main determinant of the 2007 NPS structural reform. The processes and conditions of the reform documented were: the fiscal conservatism embedded in NPS generated serious policy problems and led to an accumulation of the internal contradictions within NPS by raising the question on its fundamental policy goal. As time passed without any self-correction mechanism with respect to the problematic policy, the NPS lost credibility in the eyes of the public and also lost policy legitimacy. At the same time, there was a competing policy alternative to the NPS. This was the universalistic tax-based Basic Old-Age Pension System. This has been a challenge to NPSin that it had been designed based on the social insurance financing principle. The pre-conditions for the structural NPS reform were fully complete and they could be exploited by self-interested political parties in the following policy-making stages. Secondly, the theoretical assumption that the internal contradiction of a policy can be a decisive power for structural transformation, as suggested by Clemens and Cook (1999) among others, was proven to be theoretically and practically accurate in the Korean public pension reform case.

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Modernization, Democratization, and the Development of Welfare States in Western Europe

Cited by 119 publications

References 1 publication

Cross‐National Solidarity and Political Sustainability in the EU after the Crisis

Cross‐National Solidarity and Political Sustainability in the EU after the Crisis

Die Österreichische Mindestsicherungsreform 2010: Von der Armuts- zur Arbeitsmarktpolitik

The Impact of Fiscal Conservatism ; A Case Study of the 2007 National Pension System Reform in Korea

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