Modernization of engineering support of crop cultivation

Abstract

This paper gives substantiations to a system of effective engineering support of crop cultivation for improving competitiveness of produced goods. Considering the modernization of plant cultivation techniques and technical facilities to carry out agricultural practices, the optimal system of machines for mechanizing crop cultivation was proposed. In substantiating the system of machines, the method of analysis and synthesis of existing and proposed agricultural practices with their engineering support, the methods of modeling and optimization of production processes were proposed to determine the parameters and operating modes of the proposed machines in the system, the planning of a multifactorial experiment according to the BК-plan was used. As a result of the research, the original engineering support system of crop cultivation for lowland agricultural landscapes is proposed, which, according to calculations conducted, allows increasing labor productivity by at least a factor of two. It became possible due to modernization of tillage processes, sowing and harvesting, by combining separate previously technological operations in multifunctional units. The modernization of machine-tractor units was accomplished using original devices for serial machines according to the inventions of the authors. The proposed multifunctional units without a break in time, in a single stream and pace carry out production processes that coincide in calendar terms in the technology of a cultivated agricultural crop, contributing to the quality of work and higher yields.

Kinematic Analysis of a Disk Working Body with a Changing Radius of Curvature

“…This is due to both economic and technological aspects [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. In parallel with the increase in the intensity of the use of disk working bodies, their improvement also occurs [12][13][14]. If at the turn of the XX century they mainly used flat and spherical disks as universal working bodies suitable for any operating conditions, then in recent years the designs of disk working bodies have significantly expanded their nomenclature and narrowed the scope of their purpose [15][16][17][18].…”

Influence of Design and Technological Parameters of Disk Working Bodies on the Height of the Crest of the Bottom of the Furrow

“…And, finally, if the soil clearing is carried out after harvesting winter crops, it has a completely different agrotechnical purpose and requirements than compared to the clearing, which is carried out after harvesting long-stemmed row crops. In recent years, soil scientists, agronomists and economists have begun to jointly look for a solution to the problem of determining the limits of profitability of crop production, taking into account the soil degradation, the formation of optimal growing conditions for a plant and costs of their implementation [11][12][13][14][15].…”

The principles of improving the technology of grain crop cultivation

“…Labor productivity and crop production high quality directly depend on being provided with energyrich equipment and new resource-saving technologies. Currently, despite the difficult financial situation of agricultural enterprises, their technical equipment is carried out without necessary scientific justification, most often at the discretion of individual specialists or for other reasons, but without calculating the optimal composition and structure of the machine and tractor fleet, which is simply necessary in the current conditions, excluding the machine technical level [1].…”

“…Analyzing the science achievements in the field of technologies for the cultivation of agricultural crops [1,2], we propose the concept of a radical modernization of crop production technical reequipment. Firstly, it is necessary to replace the traditional tractor and combine fleets with already developed new-generation equipment based on calculations of the optimal fleet composition and structure, replace outdated soil cultivation technologies, the fertilization, plant protection and harvesting systems, to use new innovative solutions in modernizing the machine design, agrotechnical methods for organization of new technology implementation.…”