Modernization Technologies of Existing Thermal Power Plants in Nigeria

Abstract

Since power generation is one of the key factor in developing the country's economy in Nigeria, the need to look at the way of reducing the negative impacts of these power plants are also required so as not to hinder the life of inhabitants of the country. In this paper, emphasis is majorly placed on thermal power plants, since it's the main generating method that is employed by Nigeria because the county is blessed with its materials such as natural gas and coal. But looking at this generating means, it has a lot of environmental impacts which can cause harms to the life of people in the country together with aquatic lives. These harmful effects include the release of greenhouse gases, water pollutions and so on. Therefore, to reduce the harmful effects and improving the operation of these power stations, this paper suggested some modern technologies which can be employed by the power stations to reduce the harmful effects being caused by the power plants such as CO 2 emission, NO x emission, particulate matter, SO x and so on. Also, it tells us the ways by which electricity is generated from Short Research Articlethe raw materials being used, their environmental impacts, ways of reducing these impacts and some of the difficulties encountered by thermal power stations in Nigeria. Keywords: Thermal power plant; gas turbine combined cycle (GTCC); integrated coal gasification combined cycle (IGCC); solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC); combined heat and power (CHP). 20. Partha Das Sharma. Keeping world environment safer and greener; 2008. 21. Andrzej G. Chmielewski. Dreams or realityfossil fuels, renewable or nuclear power?

Moderate intensity chemical incomplete combustion of fuel

“…Therefore, a decrease in NO concentration is due to a decrease in the oxidizing agent in the postflame zone of NO X formation. NO only forms if the temperature is above 1800 K [3]. In the maximum temperature zone due to great thermal energy dissociation of СО 2 [12] occurs as well as CO oxidation:…”

“…Unfortunately, their implementation for existing, outdated boilers cannot ensure an optimal combination of suppressing NO X and complete fuel burnout. Implementation of these measures at the outdated boilers [1][2][3] has generally resulted in the efficiency reduction (due to the increase in incomplete combustion of fuel and stack gas temperature), operating reliability decrease (due to the growth of stack gas temperature and intensity of slagging), and less efficient control of NO X emissions. That is why it is necessary to develop specific fuel firing methods for existing boilers that enable the significant reduction of NO X emissions without affecting the performance of such boilers.…”

Techno-economic analysis of combined cycle power plants for electricity generation in Nigeria

“…The power demand in Nigeria grew at an estimated average annual rate of 15 -20 % after the oil boom. It was explained [2] that, the Nigerian *Corresponding author (Tel: +234 (0) 8028198356) Email addresses: Ige.bori@futminna.edu.ng (I. Bori), orahmohammed@yahoo.com (A. M. Orah), and saayo1@gmail.com (S. A. Ayo). public electricity generating company -National Electric Power Authority (NEPA), was formed by the government's decree No.…”

“…Later, it was renamed and has existed as the Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN), with 18 business units. The country had a total installed power generating capacity of 4000 MW, derived from hydro and thermal power plants [2]. The NEPA had eight electricity-generating stations throughout the country, as depicted in Table 1.…”

“…The NEPA had eight electricity-generating stations throughout the country, as depicted in Table 1. [2] It was stated [3] that, less than half of Nigeria's population presently has access to grid-connected electricity. They stated that the power supply in Nigeria averaged 3.1 GW in 2015, estimated to be about a third of the country's minimum demand.…”