Modes of Linearization in the Description of Spatial Configurations

Wegauskünfte als Navigationshilfen — eine kognitive Analyse

“…Human beings first acquire spatial knowledge through perceptual and navigational experience (e. g., Cornell, Heth, & Alberts, 1994;Golledge, Klatzky, & Loomis, 1996). It is only in very recent years that the investigation of language as a means of acquiring and externalizing spatial knowledge has become the object of specific research programs in cognitive psychology (e. g., Daniel, CaritØ, & Denis, 1996;de Vega, 1995;Landau & Jackendoff, 1993;Tversky, 1991). It is only in very recent years that the investigation of language as a means of acquiring and externalizing spatial knowledge has become the object of specific research programs in cognitive psychology (e. g., Daniel, CaritØ, & Denis, 1996;de Vega, 1995;Landau & Jackendoff, 1993;Tversky, 1991).…”

Extracting Spatial Information From Place Descriptions

“…4 3 See how the preposition 'from' gets extended to '3rd house from', and the clause related to the preposition 'of' gets attached into the reference object as 'head of the alley' 4 The conjuncts were not separately identified for between <I at a 3 stories town house> <The house in a small alley> <a small alley behind a row of town house> <The house along Chetwynd Street> <The house near the corner> <the corner between Chetwynd Street and Queensberry Street> <a construction site in the alley This is an example taken from the set of campus descriptions. The triplets output by the program are shown in Table 3 5 . We observe that the triplets come up as desired.…”

“…", which are not dealt with currently by the parser. relation in Example-1 because of the presence of the connector 'and', which forces the DLE parser to identify Chetwynd Street and Queensberry Street as one single place name 5 The first and the third sentence were split at clause boundaries to eliminate Stanford parser errors; see Section 5.3.2 <We in Baretto> <We in Alan Gilbert Building> <one of medical buildings across Grattan street> <the Peter Doherty Institute Down the hill> <the hill along Grattan street> <the law building at the city end of University square> <an entrance across Grattan street from University square> Table 4: Results of triplet extraction on campus descriptions. The static cases include those without spatial motion but with indirect references.…”

“…Place descriptions are used in everyday activities in spatial learning, problem solving and decision support in large-scale environments, independent and typically in absence of access to a map or a compass. The task of mapping a twodimensional environment into a linear structure of language descriptions can also take a dynamic nature where a human uses a tour route for communicating spatial information [18,5]. Thus, place descriptions can also be thought of encompassing path descriptions.…”

Visual and mental exploration of visuo-spatial configurations: Behavioral and neuroimaging approaches

“…Some orders may prove to be more friendly than others or better adjusted to the expectations of the listener, resulting in better processing conditions (cf. Daniel, Carite , & Denis, 1996;Levelt, 1989;Robin & Denis, 1991). The listener's task is to carry out the reverse transformation, starting from a linearly organized linguistic input and building an internal representation that reects the structure of the con®guration described.…”