Modes of reproduction in three invasive milkweeds are consistent with Baker’s Rule

Ward, Megan; Johnson, Steven D.; Zalucki, Myron P.

doi:10.1007/s10530-011-0152-2

Cited by 45 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…This prediction has been supported by an important body of evidence (see Crawford, Anderson & Bernardello 2011 for review). Similar observations were made during the colonization process of invasive species outside of their native range (Ward, Johnson & Zalucki 2012; but see Colautti, White & Barrett 2012), in agreement with Baker's (1955) observation that 'the vast majority of weeds are self-compatible or possess strong powers of vegetative reproduction'.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Baker's law and the island syndromes in bryophytes

et al. 2013

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Summary1. The evolution of island syndromes has long served as a model to understand the mechanisms accounting for phenotypic differentiation. Combining literature data with actual observations, we determine whether typical syndromes such as the loss of dispersal power and the bias towards selfcompatibility (Baker's law) apply to vagile organisms, using bryophytes as a model. 2. The life-history traits (LHTs) observed in oceanic island floras were statistically different from those observed on continents, evidencing the evolution of island syndromes. In contrast, LHTs of continental and continental island floras were similar, pointing to differences in migration intensity between continents, continental islands and oceanic islands. 3. The proportion of bisexual species was significantly higher on oceanic islands than on continents. A significant proportion of species that are unisexual or bisexual on continents shifted towards exclusive bisexuality on oceanic islands, suggesting that Baker's law applies to bryophytes. The underlying mechanisms, however, probably differ from in situ selection for selfing. 4. The proportion of species producing specialized asexual diaspores, which are assumed to play a role in short-distance dispersal (SDD), was higher on oceanic islands than on continents. The proportion of species producing spores, which are involved in long-distance dispersal (LDD), exhibited the reverse trend, suggesting a shift in the prevalent reproductive strategy to favour SDD on oceanic islands. Approximately 50% of the species, however, maintained the ability to produce sporophytes on oceanic islands, and the relative frequency of fertile shoots within collections of four model species was even higher on islands than on continents. 5. Synthesis. Bryophytes exhibit typical island syndromes, indicating that migration rates between oceanic islands and continents are not sufficient to prevent the effects of genetic drift and contradicting the view that the sea does not impede migration in the group. Significant shifts in life-history traits (LHTs) towards increased production of specialized asexual diaspores and decreased sporophyte production on oceanic islands indeed point to a global loss of long-distance dispersal (LDD) ability. The maintenance of traits characteristic for LDD in a large number of species has, however, substantial consequences for our understanding of island plant evolution, and in particular, for our vision of islands as evolutionary dead ends.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Baker's law and the island syndromes in bryophytes

et al. 2013

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“…; Pyšek et al . ; Ward, Johnson & Zalucki ). Although there is evidence for Baker's Law as a rule, it does not mean that self‐incompatible species cannot become invasive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Pyšek et al . ; Ward, Johnson & Zalucki ). For example, in a literature survey comprising 26 naturalized alien species (most of which were invasive), c. 70% of alien plants were autofertile (Burns et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non‐invasive naturalized alien plants were not more pollen‐limited than invasive aliens and natives in a common garden

Razanajatovo

Kleunen

2016

Functional Ecology

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Summary1. Many invasive alien plants are, in contrast to many non-invasive ones, self-compatible and autofertile and thus do not fully depend on mates and pollinators for seed production. Nevertheless, they often still depend on pollinators for maximal reproduction. Indeed, it has been shown that many invasive plants can attract pollinators in the non-native range and may attract more of them than non-invasive plants do. This suggests that many introduced alien plants may have failed to become invasive because they are pollen-limited. 2. We used an experimental approach to test whether non-invasive alien species suffer higher pollen limitation and have lower autofertility than invasive aliens and natives. In a common garden, we assessed the degree of pollen limitation and autofertility of eight confamilial (or congeneric) triplets of native, invasive and non-invasive (but naturalized) alien plant species (totalling 24 species). Our breeding-system experiment included three treatments: pollen supplementation, open pollination and pollinator exclusion. We report three measures of pollen limitation and autofertility (fruit set, seed production per fruit and indices of pollen limitation and autofertility based on seed production per flower). 3. We found that the three plant groups had low degrees of pollen limitation and were almost all autofertile to some degree. Moreover, our phylogenetically informed analyses showed that the three plant groups did not differ significantly in their degrees of pollen limitation and autofertility. 4. Our results support previous findings that alien plants are able to attract pollinators in nonnative regions. Nevertheless, because invasive and non-invasive naturalized alien species did not differ in their degrees of pollen limitation, our results suggest that pollen limitation may not play a major role in the spread of alien plants, once they have become naturalized.

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“…This needs to be considered when assessing the demographical advantages of selfing for an invader. Unfortunately, there are very few investigations on this subject for alien species (but see Rodger et al 2010Rodger et al , 2013Ward et al 2012;Mullarkey et al 2013). Studies of plants in the native range have shown that selfing ability and inbreeding depression vary among life forms.…”

Section: Incidence Of Self-pollination In Invasive Alien Florasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutualistic Interactions and Biological Invasions

Traveset

Richardson

2014

Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst.

366

345

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Mutualisms structure ecosystems and mediate their functioning. They also enhance invasions of many alien species. Invasions disrupt native mutualisms, often leading to population declines, reduced biodiversity, and altered ecosystem functioning. Focusing on three main types of mutualisms (pollination, seed dispersal, and plant-microbial symbioses) and drawing on examples from different ecosystems and from species-and community-level studies, we review the key mechanisms whereby such positive interactions mediate invasions and are in turn influenced by invasions. High interaction generalization is "the norm" in most systems, allowing alien species to infiltrate recipient communities. We identify traits that influence invasiveness (e.g., selfing capacity in plants, animal behavioral traits) or invasibility (e.g., partner choice in mycorrhizas/rhizobia) through mutualistic interactions. Mutualistic disruptions due to invasions are pervasive, and subsequent cascading effects are also widespread. Ecological networks provide a useful framework for predicting tipping points for community collapse in response to invasions and other synergistic drivers of global change. 89

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Modes of reproduction in three invasive milkweeds are consistent with Baker’s Rule

Cited by 45 publications

References 82 publications

Baker's law and the island syndromes in bryophytes

Baker's law and the island syndromes in bryophytes

Non‐invasive naturalized alien plants were not more pollen‐limited than invasive aliens and natives in a common garden

Mutualistic Interactions and Biological Invasions

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