Visible–ultraviolet
upconversion carbon quantum dots (CQDs)
are synthesized with a hydrothermal method using
l
-glutamic
acid (
l
-Glu) and
m
-phenylenediamine (MPD)
and then combined with commercial nano-TiO
2
to prepare
CQDs/TiO
2
composites. The fluorescence spectra prove that
the prepared CQDs can convert approximately 600 nm visible light into
350 nm ultraviolet light. In photocatalysis experiments, CT-1, a CQDs/TiO
2
composite with 1:1 molar ratio of
l
-Glu to TiO
2
, has the best degradation efficiency for methyl orange (MO).
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
(XPS) experiments confirm that CT-1 is composed of quasi-spherical
nano-TiO
2
and CQDs with a crystal plane of graphitic carbon.
CT-1 can degrade 70.56% of MO (40 ppm) within 6 h under the irradiation
of a 600 nm light source, which is close to its degradation rate of
78.75% under 365 nm ultraviolet light. The apparent rate constant
of CT-1 degradation equation is 12.7 times that of TiO
2
. Free radical scavenging experiments and electron
spin resonance (ESR) tests show that the degradation ability should
be attributed to the existence of h
+
and
•
OH under visible light. Therefore, we provide a simple and low-cost
solution with heavy-metal-free products to improve the photocatalytic
performance of TiO
2
.