Modification and psychometric evaluation of the child perceptions questionnaire (CPQ11–14) in assessing oral health related quality of life among Lithuanian children

Abstract

BackgroundOral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) research among children and adolescents in Lithuania is just starting and no measures have been validated to date. Therefore, this study aimed to validate a Lithuanian version of the full (37 items) Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ11–14) within a random sample of children aged 11 to 14.MethodsA cross-sectional survey among a randomly selected sample of schoolchildren (N = 307) aged 11 to14 was conducted. An anonymous questionnaire included the full CPQ11–14 and items on global life satisfaction, oral health and oral life quality self-rating. The questionnaire was translated into Lithuanian using translation guidelines. In addition, an item on the oral pain was modified identifying the pain location. Standard tests (Cronbach’s α, construct validity and discriminant validity), supplemented with both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, were employed for psychometric evaluation of the instrument. The questionnaire was also tested by comparison students’ and their parents’ (N = 255) responses about oral symptoms and functional limitations.ResultsThe modified Lithuanian version of CPQ11–14 revealed good internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s alpha for the total scale was 0.88). The measure showed significant associations with perceived oral health status and oral well-being, as well as with global life satisfaction (p < 0.01). Discriminant validity of the instrument was approved by comparison of children’s groups defined by self-reported caries experience and malocclusion. Factor analysis revealed a complex structure with two or three factors in each of four domains of the CPQ11–14. Excellent or acceptable levels of indices of model fitting with the given data were obtained for oral symptoms, functional limitations and emotional well-being domains, but not for the social well-being domain. A significant association between child and parental responses was found (intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.56 and 0.43, correspondingly in domains of oral symptoms and functional limitations).ConclusionThe Lithuanian version of the CPQ11–14 (with a modified item that identifies location of oral pain) appears to be a valid instrument to be used in further studies for measuring OHRQoL among 11 to 14 year old children in Lithuania.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12903-018-0701-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The development, validation, and psychometric properties of the Japanese version of the Child Oral Health Impact Profile-Short Form 19 (COHIP-SF 19) for school-age children

“…CFA is commonly used to examine the structure of instruments, such as OHRQoL [39][40][41][42]. With CFA, it is possible to specify precisely which items should load onto which factor.…”

Blood Pressure and Tooth Loss: A Large Cross-Sectional Study with Age Mediation Analysis

“…In addition, uncontrolled hypertension may also precipitate stroke events and cognitive impairment, and it contributes to increased mortality rate [ 6 ]. Recently, high BP was associated with oral conditions, mainly tooth loss, caries and periodontal disease [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”

“…Several lines of evidence have addressed the association between tooth loss and high BP [ 4 , 8 , 9 , 12 ]. In a French cohort of people under 65 years old, hypertension was associated with higher levels of missing teeth, gum bleeding, masticatory dysfunction and dental plaque [ 19 ].…”

Family Affluence Based Inequality in Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in a Population of Lithuanian Adolescents

“…The present study is one of the first studies on OHRQoL in Lithuanian adolescents [24,37]. However, methodological procedures were used to increase the power of the study, such as the validation of the CPQ instrument [24,25], obtaining a representative and population-based sample, performing a pilot study, and standardized examiner. The use of path analysis can also be considered a positive aspect due to its usefulness in the interpretation of relationships among the variables.…”

“…The Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ), originally developed by Jokovic et al [19], was used to evaluate OHRQoL. The Lithuanian version of this questionnaire was translated, revised, and validated by Kavaliauskiene et al [24]. The instrument, which includes a modification of the item concerning oral pain, has presented good results for the assessment of psychometric properties among adolescents 11 to 18 years of age [24,25].…”