“…NO 3 – can generally be detected directly or indirectly, i.e., via reduction of NO 3 – into NO 2 – using a suitable catalyst such as Zn powder or vanadium(III) chloride, , followed by the Griess assay. However, the latter method should be used with caution as it suffers from a comparatively high limit of detection of 500 ppb (∼10 μM), interferences with Fe 3+ , Cu 2+ , S 2– , or I – , and the need for careful control of reaction conditions such as temperature .…”