Modification effect of changes in cardiometabolic traits in association between kidney stones and cardiovascular events

Abstract

BackgroundsWhether longitudinal changes in metabolic status influence the effect of kidney stones on cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclarified. We investigated the modification effect of status changes in metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the association of kidney stones with risk of incident CVD events.MethodsWe performed a prospective association and interaction study in a nationwide cohort including 129,172 participants aged ≥ 40 years without CVDs at baseline and followed up for an average of 3.8 years. Kidney stones information was collected by using a questionnaire and validated by medical records. The repeated biochemical measurements were performed to ascertain the metabolic status at both baseline and follow-up.Results4,017 incident total CVDs, 1,413 coronary heart diseases (CHDs) and 2,682 strokes were documented and ascertained during follow-up. Kidney stones presence was significantly associated with 44%, 70% and 31% higher risk of CVDs, CHDs and stroke, respectively. The stratified analysis showed significant associations were found in the incident and sustained MetS patients, while no significant associations were found in the non-MetS at both baseline and follow-up subjects or the MetS remission ones, especially in women. For the change status of each single component of the MetS, though the trends were not always the same, the associations with CVD were consistently significant in those with sustained metabolic disorders, except for the sustained high blood glucose group, while the associations were consistently significant in those with incident metabolic disorders except for the incident blood pressure group. We also found a significant association of kidney stone and CVD or CHD risk in the remain normal glucose or triglycerides groups; while the associations were consistently significant in those with incident metabolic disorders except for the incident blood pressure group. We also found a significant association of kidney stone and CVD or CHD risk in the remain normal glucose or triglycerides groups.ConclusionsA history of kidney stones in women with newly developed MetS or long-standing MetS associated with increased risk of CVD. The mechanisms link kidney stones and CVD risk in the metabolic and non-metabolic pathways were warranted for further studies.

Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Morbidity in Patients with Urolithiasis: An Epidemiological Approach Based on Hospitalization Burden Data from 1997 to 2021

“…Determining the exact prevalence of CHD or stroke from the different studies can be challenging. Xu [28] reports a CVD prevalence of 4.02% and a CHD prevalence of 1.44%, which is very close to ours. However, a 2.7% stroke prevalence was reported, which is significantly higher than our data.…”

CCR2 antagonist attenuates calcium oxalate-induced kidney oxidative stress and inflammation by regulating macrophage activation

“…Kidney stones (KS) are worldwide public health problem that impose a huge economic burden on patients and society [ 1 ]. KS lead to urinary tract infection and urinary obstruction, eventually causing renal function disability and renal insufficiency [ 2 ]. KS are caused by anomalous accumulation of crystalline materials (such as calcium oxalate, struvite stone and uric acid stone) in kidney, of which calcium oxalate (CaOx) is the most common and stands at 80% [ 3 ].…”

Association between dyslipidaemia and the risk of kidney stones in US adults

“…Studies have found that patients with a history of kidney stones have a signi cantly increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and fractures and are more likely to suffer renal hypofunction and eventually develop end-stage renal disease [4][5][6][7]. In addition, pain and other clinical manifestations during the onset of kidney stones seriously affect the daily work and quality of life of patients [8,9].…”