Modification induced by proton irradiation in Makrofol-DE polycarbonate

Nouh, S. A.; Naby, A. Abdel; Sellin, P.J.

doi:10.1016/j.radmeas.2007.04.005

Cited by 33 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The predominance of degradation at the dose range (100–200 kGy) causes repulsion between the nanoparticle molecules, results in an increase of ordering character of the chains (reduction in the amorphous phase) of the ZnS/PVA nanocomposite samples. Also, the gamma radiation increases the hydrogen bonding between ZnS and the PVA chains and allowing the ZnS nanoparticles which are crystalline in nature to be embedded into PVA matrix, thus increasing the ordering structure . Above 200 and up to 400 kGy, the integral intensity decreases again.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gamma induced changes in the structure and optical properties of ZnS/PVA nanocomposite

Nouh

Benthami

2018

Vinyl Additive Technology

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Nanocomposite of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and zinc sulfide (ZnS) was fabricated by ex situ casting technique. ZnS nanoparticles were prepared by chemical coprecipitation method in air atmosphere using EDTA-ethylenediamine as stabilizing agent. Rietveld refinement of X-ray data showed that the prepared ZnS adapts cubic zinc blend structure with a lattice parameter fits 5.345 Å and a mean grain size of 4 nm. Samples from ZnS/PVA nanocomposite have been exposed to gamma doses in the range 0-400 kGy. The effect of gamma radiation on the structural and optical properties of ZnS/PVA has been investigated using XRD and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The absorption spectra confirm the formation of hybridized film ZnS/PVA nanocomposite with refractive index in the range of 1.3123-1.5253 (at 700 nm). Also, the gamma radiation reduces the optical energy gap from 4.58 to 2.75 eV. This could be attributed to the increase in structural disorder of the irradiated ZnS/PVA nanocomposite due to the formation of coordination reaction between OH of PVA and ZnS nanoparticles. This means that the gamma radiation led to a more compact structure of ZnS/PVA nanocomposite and causes proper dispersion of ZnS nanoparticles in the PVA matrix. Further, the Commission Internationale de E'Claire (CIE units x, y, and z) methodology was applied for the description of colored samples. The color intensity ΔE, the color difference between the non irradiated sample and the irradiated ones, was increased from 1.39 to 11.18 with increasing the gamma dose up to 400 kGy.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gamma induced changes in the structure and optical properties of ZnS/PVA nanocomposite

Nouh

Benthami

2018

Vinyl Additive Technology

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“…In other words, the trapped free radicals resulting from radiation‐induced rupture of polymer molecules have electrons with unpaired spin. Such species may also give optical coloration 11, 21…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of laser irradiation on the optical and the mechanical properties of Makrofol‐DE polycarbonate

Hanafy

Nouh

Yasein

et al. 2011

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The effect of IR laser irradiation on the optical and the mechanical properties of Makrofol-DE 1-1 CC polycarbonate films were investigated. Three hundred microns-thick films of Makrofol-DE 1-1 CC polycarbonate were irradiated with 0.00-10.40 J/cm 2 of Ga-As laser pulses, 904 nm, 5 W, and 200-ns pulse duration. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements showed that (C¼ ¼O) groups degrade under laser irradiation at the studied fluence range. The aliphatic and aromatic (CAH) groups exhibited the same behavior, which can be attributed to nature of laser interaction with matter. The Makrofol samples exhibited degradation under the effect of laser irradiation up to 0.94 J/cm 2 , where crosslinking mechanism started and continued until 7.07 J/cm 2 . The refractive index had a minimum value at 0.94 J/cm 2 and maximum value at 7.07 J/cm 2 due to the degradation and crosslinking formation inside the sample, respectively. The decrease in elastic modulus, E, of Makrofol irradiated with 0.47-0.94 and 7.07-10.40 J/cm 2 indicates that the sample becomes more flexible, which results from the decrease in interatomic force constants.

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“…This indicates that the 0.015 gm PA‐NPMI/1 gm PVC stabilized polymer has more response to color change by gamma irradiation. These changes in color can be attributed to the trapping of the excited free radicals that are formed by ionization 17. Also, the trapped free radicals resulting from radiation‐induced rupture of polymer molecules have electrons with unpaired spin.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These changes in color can be attributed to the trapping of the excited free radicals that are formed by ionization. 17 Also, the trapped free radicals resulting from radiation-induced rupture of polymer molecules have electrons with unpaired spin. Such species may also give optical coloration.…”

Section: Color Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of additive concentration and gamma radiation on the molecular and color properties of poly(vinyl chloride)

Nouh¹,

Bahammam²

2010

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The effects of addition of different monomers on the molecular properties of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) have been studied. Three different additive monomers from N-phenyl maleimide derivatives were added with the same concentration 0.02 gm/1 gm PVC as stabilizers to PVC. These stabilizers are N-phenyl maleimide, Para-carboxy N-phenyl maleimide, and Para-amide carboxy N-phenyl maleimide (PA-NPMI). Their stabilizing efficiencies were evaluated by measuring the intrinsic viscosity of the solution samples. The results reveal that the type of the additive monomer plays a major role in determining the stabilizing potency of these materials. It was found that the PA-NPMI is the most effective stabilizer that improves the intrinsic viscosity of pure PVC from 1.02 to 1.19. So, the effect of its addition with different concentrations was studied. The results indicate that the sample with 0.015 gm PA-NPMI/1 gm PVC has higher intrinsic viscosity. Thus, this sample was chosen to be a subject for further study to investigate the effect of gamma irradiation on its molecular and color properties. Samples from the 0.015 gm PA-NPMI/1 gm PVC were irradiated with gamma doses in the range 5-100 kGy. It is found that the irradiation in the dose range 20-60 kGy enhances the intrinsic viscosity of the samples. In addition, the transmission of these irradiated samples in the wavelength range 200-2500 nm, as well as any color changes, was studied. The color intensity DE was greatly increased with increasing the gamma dose, and was accompanied by darkness with a significant increase in the yellow color component.

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Modification induced by proton irradiation in Makrofol-DE polycarbonate

Cited by 33 publications

References 12 publications

Gamma induced changes in the structure and optical properties of ZnS/PVA nanocomposite

Gamma induced changes in the structure and optical properties of ZnS/PVA nanocomposite

Influence of laser irradiation on the optical and the mechanical properties of Makrofol‐DE polycarbonate

Effect of additive concentration and gamma radiation on the molecular and color properties of poly(vinyl chloride)

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