Modification of a bovine ELISA to detect camelid antibodies to Mycobacterium paratuberculosis

Kramsky, Joely A.; Miller, David S.; Hope, Anne; Collins, Michael T.

doi:10.1016/s0378-1135(00)00318-7

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Diagnosis in the past has also been complicated by the lack of diagnostic tests with appropriate sensitivity to detect MAP infection in camelids. Serum tests (ELISA) for antibodies to MAP have been adapted for use in camelids . However, the sensitivity of these tests to detect MAP infection is between 50 and 70%, which is most likely explained by the fact that as an intracellular pathogen, MAP might not induce a strong humoral immune response until late in the infection .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Serum tests (ELISA) for antibodies to MAP have been adapted for use in camelids . However, the sensitivity of these tests to detect MAP infection is between 50 and 70%, which is most likely explained by the fact that as an intracellular pathogen, MAP might not induce a strong humoral immune response until late in the infection . Similar to cattle, tests relying on the detection of antibodies could be more useful at the herd level, and not for individual animal diagnosis.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Prevalence ofMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisFecal Shedding in Alpacas Presented to Veterinary Hospitals in the United States

Fecteau

Bedenice

Cebra

et al. 2013

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: The prevalence of Johne's disease in alpacas in the United States is unknown. The limits of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in alpaca feces have not been determined.Objectives: To evaluate the use of PCR for MAP detection in alpaca feces; and to estimate the prevalence of MAP fecal shedding in alpacas presented to veterinary teaching hospitals.Animals: Alpacas presenting to 4 US veterinary teaching hospitals from November 2009 to February 2011. Methods: Prospective study. Ten dilutions of a wild MAP strain were added to negative alpaca feces and processed for MAP detection by means of a commercial real-time PCR (RT-PCR) assay, and cultured on Herrold's Egg Yolk Medium (HEYM) and liquid broth. The limits of detection for each method were determined. Fecal samples from alpacas admitted to the veterinary teaching hospitals during the study period were evaluated for MAP via PCR and HEYM.Results: The lowest MAP dilution detectable via PCR was 243 MAP colony-forming units (CFU)/g of feces, at which concentration MAP growth was detectable on HEYM. Ten (6%; 95% confidence interval: 3-9%) of the 180 fecal samples collected were positive on PCR.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Polymerase chain reaction can provide an accurate and rapid detection of MAP fecal shedding in alpacas; and the prevalence of MAP fecal shedding in hospitalized alpacas in 4 US veterinary teaching hospitals was 6%.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Prevalence ofMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisFecal Shedding in Alpacas Presented to Veterinary Hospitals in the United States

Fecteau

Bedenice

Cebra

et al. 2013

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…Considering ParaTB diagnosis in camelids, similar to cattle, serological assays can be used for rapid presumptive diagnoses in advanced cases, i.e., when showing diarrhea and weight loss, and as a screening tool for herds known to be exposed to infection (108). Furthermore, the refinement of camelid-specific ELISAs may also be a beneficial tool (109). However, seropositive results should be confirmed by direct tests for pathogen detection.…”

Section: Artiodactyla Camelidaementioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis Infection in Zoo Animals: A Review of Susceptibility and Disease Process

et al. 2020

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Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of paratuberculosis (ParaTB or Johne's disease), a contagious, chronic and typically fatal enteric disease of domestic and non-domestic ruminants. Clinically affected animals present wasting and emaciation. However, MAP can also infect non-ruminant animal species with less specific signs. Zoological gardens harbor various populations of diverse animal species, which are managed on limited space at higher than natural densities. Hence, they are predisposed to endemic trans-species pathogen distribution. Information about the incidence and prevalence of MAP infections in zoological gardens and the resulting potential threat to exotic and endangered species are rare. Due to unclear pathogenesis, chronicity of disease as well as the unknown cross-species accuracy of diagnostic tests, diagnosis and surveillance of MAP and ParaTB is challenging. Differentiation between uninfected shedders of ingested bacteria; subclinically infected individuals; and preclinically diseased animals, which may subsequently develop clinical signs after long incubation periods, is crucial for the interpretation of positive test results in animals and the resulting consequences in their management. This review summarizes published data from the current literature on occurrence of MAP infection and disease in susceptible and affected zoo animal species as well as the applied diagnostic methods and measures. Clinical signs indicative for ParaTB, pathological findings and reports on detection, transmission and epidemiology in zoo animals are included. Furthermore, case reports were re-evaluated for incorporation into accepted consistent terminologies and case definitions.

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“…Overwhelming studies addressed the sensitivity and specificity of ELISA for detecting the subclinical MAP infection [7][8][9]. ELISA was developed to detect anti-MAP antibodies in camelid in South America [10]. However, commercially available ELISA was employed to examine its sensitivity for detecting the anti-MAP antibodies in camel (Camelus dromedarius) [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paratuberculosis in Camel (Camelus dromedarius): The Diagnostic Efficiency of ELISA and PCR

Alhebabi¹,

Alluwaimi²

2010

TOVSJ

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Abstract:The camel paratuberculosis in Saudi Arabia was widely documented. ELISA and PCR were employed to exploit their feasibility for control of the MAP infection in Saudi Arabia. Ruminant ELISA test was used for the screening of 861 serum samples that were collected from three different age groups, 1-4 years (young age), 5-9 years (middle age) and 10-15 years (old age). Only 29 samples were revealed as ELISA positive in which 14 samples were from the young age group. PCR analysis was carried out mainly on the fecal samples that were collected from young age group and all the ELISA positive samples of other groups. PCR detected only 97 positive samples out of 310 tested samples. PCR detected more positive samples in the young age group than ELISA (29% of 276 young age samples). The ELISA proved effective as a screening tool for MAP infection in camel; however its sensitivity in the young group is skeptical. PCR on the other hand, is effective only as supportive test to the ELISA due to the great variations in the pattern of MAP shedding. Hence, ELISA and PCR were shown feasible for control of the MAP infection, but ELISA was not prudent in the early detection of the infection. Attempt to isolate the camel MAP for its genotyping was not successful despite the incubation for more than 10 weeks.

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Modification of a bovine ELISA to detect camelid antibodies to Mycobacterium paratuberculosis

Cited by 13 publications

References 5 publications

Prevalence ofMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisFecal Shedding in Alpacas Presented to Veterinary Hospitals in the United States

Prevalence ofMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisFecal Shedding in Alpacas Presented to Veterinary Hospitals in the United States

Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis Infection in Zoo Animals: A Review of Susceptibility and Disease Process

Paratuberculosis in Camel (Camelus dromedarius): The Diagnostic Efficiency of ELISA and PCR

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