Modification of an Outbreak of Influenza in Tecumseh, Michigan by Vaccination of Schoolchildren

Monto, Arnold S.; Davenport, Fred M.; Napier, John A.; Francis, Thomas

doi:10.1093/infdis/122.1-2.16

Cited by 291 publications

(155 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

144

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…81 The same result was recently reported for the attenuated vaccine by Piedra et. al., 82 who observed reductions in the number of medical consultations in unvaccinated people when vaccination coverage reached 25% of schoolchildren.…”

Section: Efficacy Of the Influenza Vaccine In Childrensupporting

confidence: 80%

Segurança, imunogenicidade e eficácia da vacina contra o vírus influenza em crianças

Cintra¹,

Rey²

2006

J. Pediatr. (Rio J.)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: To review the immunogenicity, safety and efficacy of inactivated and attenuated trivalent influenza vaccines in children.Sources of data: Database search of the medical literature indexed on MEDLINE, LILACS and in the Cochrane Library. Review articles, clinical trials and epidemiological studies published from 1990 to 2006 were selected for analysis. Summary of the findings:Influenza is an infectious disease that is both universal and seasonal, with incidence in all age groups and annual epidemics characterized by excessive morbidity and mortality. The elderly and people with comorbidity are high risk groups for severe influenza. It has recently been proven that healthy infants suffer similar morbidity to other risk groups, and therefore vaccination against influenza is indicated for them too, as being the most effective means of preventing infection by the influenza virus. The safety of influenza vaccines in children appears adequate, with the most often observed adverse effects being local reactions or fever. Immunogenicity in children varies from 30 to 90%, being directly proportional to age. Efficacy depends on the primary objective and can range from levels comparable with placebo to up to 91% efficacy against confirmed influenza A infection. Schoolchildren play an important role in the dissemination of the influenza virus, and population studies have demonstrated herd immunity.

show abstract

Section: Efficacy Of the Influenza Vaccine In Childrensupporting

confidence: 80%

Segurança, imunogenicidade e eficácia da vacina contra o vírus influenza em crianças

Cintra¹,

Rey²

2006

J. Pediatr. (Rio J.)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Younger adults and children experience most influenza morbidity and use of the vaccine in these segments of the population has been suggested as a means of true disease control. 12. 13 This strategy has been the subject of considerable debate, especially following the recognition that the Guillain-Barrd syndrome is an infrequent but real complication of vaccination.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swine influenza vaccine program in the community: acceptability, reactions and responses.

Monto¹,

Ross

1979

Am J Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The operation of the national swine influenza immunization program was observed in the community of Tecumseh, Michigan. The purpose was to determine acceptability of a parenteral vaccine intended for the general population. Participation of the residents was excellent. More than 64 per cent of eligibles were vaccinated; this figure resembled that of the rest of the local area, but not the national figures nor a suburban area of Michigan where a similar study was carried out. Sore arm after vaccination was reported most frequently in younger female participants;The mass influenza immunization program initiated in the United States in the fall of 1976 was a unique publichealth measure in terms of the numbers to be inoculated and the speed with which this was to be accomplished. By the time immunizations were suspended on December 16, more than 40 million doses of vaccine containing either A/New Jersey/8/76 (HswlNl) alone, or A/New Jersey plus A/Victoria/3/75 (H3N2) had been given. ' This represents the largest number of Americans ever inoculated with a parenteral vaccine within a two-month period. It would amount to more than 240 million doses of vaccine on an annual basis.This remarkable public health venture was accomplished in spite of much adverse publicity, vigorous dissent in the scientific community, and one temporary suspension of the program. Debates concerning the initiation of mass vaccination effort and its final suspension aside, the actual program had many unique aspects that deserve study and evaluation. Such an investigation was conducted as the vaccination program was carried out in Lenawee County, Michigan. To complete the evaluation of the program in the community, antibody response to vaccination was determined through testing collected bloods for rise in antibody titer to

show abstract

“…The adjusted community-based influenza attack rate among all age groups in Tecumseh during the 1968-1969 influenza season was one-third that of a neighboring comparison community, Adrian, Michigan. 12 A school-based vaccine intervention study was conducted during the 2004-2005 influenza season in 28 elementary schools in Maryland, Minnesota, Texas, and Washington, during which approximately half (47%) of the schoolchildren in intervention schools received LAIV. 13 During a prospectively defined week of peak influenza activity, a questionnaire was sent to households with children in intervention and control schools to gather data on the demographics, influenza vaccination rates, and influenzalike illness (ILI) outcomes pertaining to these households.…”

Section: Results Of Vaccinating Schoolchildrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 Our models predict that ∼50% to 70% coverage in children would be required to see strong indirect protection at the community level. The Tecumseh study showed an increase in indirect protection against influenza infection by twothirds, 12 but this increase occurred in association with an 85% vaccine coverage rate, and during a pandemic, when community influenza attack rates and susceptibility were high. Whether one would see this level of benefit without an influenza pandemic is unknown.…”

Section: Suggested Future Research Directionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Theoretic Framework to Consider the Effect of Immunizing Schoolchildren Against Influenza: Implications for Research

Longini

2012

Pediatrics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The illness attack rate and annual morbidity caused by infection with influenza is high in schoolchildren. Because schoolchildren are 1 of the most important sources of community-wide transmission of influenza, vaccinating them could have a major effect on reducing morbidity and mortality in older adults. Stochastic modeling shows that a vaccination rate as low as 20% in schoolchildren reduces overall mortality in adults aged $64 years more effectively than a vaccination rate of 90% for older adults. Additional modeling shows that vaccinating schoolchildren against influenza is optimal for reducing morbidity and mortality caused by influenza in the overall population. Although supported by simulated models, the benefits of mass vaccination need to be confirmed in a realworld setting. The best way to demonstrate the effectiveness of mass vaccination of schoolchildren is to implement the process in several localities in several states by using properly designed studies that incorporate accurate viral surveillance with at least 10 pairs of intervention and comparison populations.

show abstract

Modification of an Outbreak of Influenza in Tecumseh, Michigan by Vaccination of Schoolchildren

Cited by 291 publications

References 16 publications

Segurança, imunogenicidade e eficácia da vacina contra o vírus influenza em crianças

Segurança, imunogenicidade e eficácia da vacina contra o vírus influenza em crianças

Swine influenza vaccine program in the community: acceptability, reactions and responses.

A Theoretic Framework to Consider the Effect of Immunizing Schoolchildren Against Influenza: Implications for Research

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About