Modification of cellulose nanocrystal via SI-ATRP of styrene and the mechanism of its reinforcement of polymethylmethacrylate

Yin, Yuanyuan; Tian, Xiaohui; Jiang, Xue; Wang, H.; Gao, Weidong

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.01.014

Cited by 116 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…). The diffraction peak intensities (curves 3–4) of (101), (002), and (040) become higher than that in wood flour (curve 1), indicating that modification occurs not only in the amorphous region but also in the edge of crystalline region .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Preparation and characterization of eucalyptus wood flour/polypropylene composites by subcritical ethanol and 3‐Aminopropyltriethoxysilane as cosolvent

et al. 2017

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Subcritical fluids assisted reactive extrusion is a novel and promising alternative technique for preparation of wood plastic composites. Because subcritical fluids have moderate process condition, well swollen performance, and excellent dissolvability. Therefore, subcritical fluids are led into the extruder system to alleviate the thermal degradation of wood flour, to reduce the melt viscosity of matrix, and to strengthen the mass transport. The wood flour is expanded in the presence of subcritical ethanol, which favors the permeability. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirms that maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP‐g‐MA) is grafted onto cellulosic chain, and subcritical ethanol promotes the grafting and swollen reaction. A possible mechanism is proposed to explain the effect of subcritical ethanol on the interfacial reactions. In addition, the thermal stability of wood flour, PP, and wood flour/PP composites are studied. Fracture morphology is observed to confirm the interfacial adhesion of wood flour/PP composites. The results suggest that subcritical ethanol leads to a change of crystalline structure of cellulose via X‐ray diffraction. Moreover, the mechanical properties of wood flour/PP composites increase dramatically, while 3‐Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550) is used as co‐solvent dissolving in ethanol. Experimental results reveal that wood flour/PP composites in the presence of subcritical ethanol with 2% KH550 (190°C, 2.4 MPa, and 120 r/min), whose tensile strength, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and non‐notched impact strength increase by 45, 56, 29, and 36%, respectively, possess the best physical properties comparing to those during extrusion without fluids. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:3594–3604, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The second step can be attributed to the decomposition of PP in the temperature range of 400–500°C. The thermal stability of composites are improved with the addition of PP‐ g ‐MA or KH550 when the temperature is above 200°C . The dispersibility of wood flour is an important impact for the thermal stability of wood flour/PP composites.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of eucalyptus wood flour/polypropylene composites by subcritical ethanol and 3‐Aminopropyltriethoxysilane as cosolvent

et al. 2017

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“…However, the highly crystalline regions from the surface of crystalline particles can be partially converted into poorly ordered crystalline regions after surface modification . Other reports in the literature have shown a decrease in crystallinity after chemical functionalization . Table summarizes some of these studies where changes in the crystallinity of CNC after the preparation conditions were observed.…”

Section: Isolation Of Cnc By Acid Hydrolysismentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In this case, some researchers have shown that the thermal stability is improved by substituting these sulfate groups by other functional groups. Yin et al observed that the initial degradation temperature of nanocellulose modified by 2‐Bromoisobutyryl bromide was about 50°C higher than that of the original nanocellulose (i.e., obtained by hydrolysis using sulfuric acid). The authors attributed the improved thermal stability to the reduction of many sulfate groups that caused the original CNC thermally unstable.…”

Section: Isolation Of Cnc By Acid Hydrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalized cellulose nanocrystals as reinforcement in biodegradable polymer nanocomposites

et al. 2017

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This review describes the use of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) as fillers in biodegradable polymer matrices over the past few years. The preparation and characterization of CNC‐based nanocomposites are highlighted here with a focus on thermophysical and mechanical properties. The characterization and isolation of nanocellulose from different raw material sources are discussed in detail, as well as different surface modifications. The addition of CNC in biodegradable polymer, combined with nanocellulose surface engineering and driven by sustainability trends, has the potential to impact various industrial sectors. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:E9–E29, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers

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“…[26][27][28][29] In addition, atom transfer radical polymerization has been extensively explored to synthesize welldefined polymers on CNC surfaces. [30][31][32][33][34] These grafting from approaches have yielded highly compatible CNCs with contact angles in the range of 62 to 94°; however, the pre-attachment of initiator, polymerization reactions themselves and the work-up/separation are lengthy. To avoid the need for initiator attachment and these reactions which take place in organic solvents, we have demonstrated free radical grafting of vinyl polymers from CNCs in water (using ceric initiation) but the reaction produces very large amounts of homopolymer making separation challenging and the graft densities obtained were low leading to CNC contact angles of only 35-47°.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-Pot Water-Based Hydrophobic Surface Modification of Cellulose Nanocrystals Using Plant Polyphenols

Berry

Pelton

et al. 2017

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

200

158

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An environmentally friendly procedure for the surface modification of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) in water is presented. Tannic acid (TA), a plant polyphenol, acts as the primer when mixed with CNCs in suspension, which are then reacted with decylamine (DA), the hydrophobe. Schiff base formation/Michael-type addition covalently attaches primary amines with long alkyl tails to CNC-TA, increasing the particle hydrophobicity (contact angle shift from 21° to 74°). After modification, the CNC-TA-DA particles in water phase separate, allowing for easy collection of modified material. The dried product is readily redispersible in toluene and other organic solvents, as demonstrated by turbidity measurements, dynamic light scattering, optical microscopy and liquid crystal self-assembly behavior. Electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, solid-state 13 C NMR, and X-ray diffraction support the successful surface modification and indicate that CNC particle morphology is retained. The modified CNCs have a slightly decreased onset of thermal degradation (ca. 10 °C lower) compared with unmodified CNCs. We believe that this surface modification strategy presents a scalable, simple and green approach to the production of hydrophobic bio-based nanoparticles which may lend themselves as reinforcing agents in nonpolar polymer composites, or stabilizers and rheological modifiers in non-aqueous liquid formulated products.

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Modification of cellulose nanocrystal via SI-ATRP of styrene and the mechanism of its reinforcement of polymethylmethacrylate

Cited by 116 publications

References 38 publications

Preparation and characterization of eucalyptus wood flour/polypropylene composites by subcritical ethanol and 3‐Aminopropyltriethoxysilane as cosolvent

Preparation and characterization of eucalyptus wood flour/polypropylene composites by subcritical ethanol and 3‐Aminopropyltriethoxysilane as cosolvent

Functionalized cellulose nanocrystals as reinforcement in biodegradable polymer nanocomposites

One-Pot Water-Based Hydrophobic Surface Modification of Cellulose Nanocrystals Using Plant Polyphenols

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