Abstract:Breeding based on doubled-haploid approaches has recently become a common tool for accelerating crop improvement in many plant species. However, many plant species do not have a reliable method for haploid induction. A promising new approach involving centromere engineering has recently been proposed to overcome this limitation. Here we provide a perspective of this novel method for the production of haploid plants, which was originally described in the model plant species Arabidopsis thaliana. Centromeres, kn… Show more
“…These include (A) GFP‐tagged chimeric CENH3 protein, (B) replacement of CENH3 protein with distantly related species and (C) missense mutations in the HFD (Karimi‐Ashtiyani et al, 2015; Kuppu et al, 2015; Ravi et al, 2014; Ravi & Chan, 2010). The mechanism of chromosome elimination in the CENH3 method has been reviewed in several publications (Britt & Kuppu, 2016; Jacquier et al, 2020; Kalinowska et al, 2019; Tek et al, 2015). Currently, two distinct approaches are available to conduct CENH3 mediated haploid plant production.…”
Being a model crop as well as a staple food crop, rice possesses a conspicuous position in plant sciences. Doubled haploid (DH) breeding in rice offers multiple advantages over conventional methods via accelerating the process of pure lines development. For ages, several methods have been devised for haploid production in rice. In vitro‐based methods have demonstrated their potential in DH production, but these methods are further impeded by stringent requirements and restricted to few species. Further, unlike maize, the in vivo DH breeding technology is still impractical in rice. Recent findings of the key molecular players behind the haploid induction (HI) trait in maize and rice have shown their potential in rice improvement programmes. In this review, we have discussed different strategies of HI in rice particularly focusing on recent progress made for developing haploid inducer stock (HIS) by employing both conventional and modern approaches. It also focuses on future implications of HIS so that it can be incorporated in the pipeline of modernized rice breeding.
“…These include (A) GFP‐tagged chimeric CENH3 protein, (B) replacement of CENH3 protein with distantly related species and (C) missense mutations in the HFD (Karimi‐Ashtiyani et al, 2015; Kuppu et al, 2015; Ravi et al, 2014; Ravi & Chan, 2010). The mechanism of chromosome elimination in the CENH3 method has been reviewed in several publications (Britt & Kuppu, 2016; Jacquier et al, 2020; Kalinowska et al, 2019; Tek et al, 2015). Currently, two distinct approaches are available to conduct CENH3 mediated haploid plant production.…”
Being a model crop as well as a staple food crop, rice possesses a conspicuous position in plant sciences. Doubled haploid (DH) breeding in rice offers multiple advantages over conventional methods via accelerating the process of pure lines development. For ages, several methods have been devised for haploid production in rice. In vitro‐based methods have demonstrated their potential in DH production, but these methods are further impeded by stringent requirements and restricted to few species. Further, unlike maize, the in vivo DH breeding technology is still impractical in rice. Recent findings of the key molecular players behind the haploid induction (HI) trait in maize and rice have shown their potential in rice improvement programmes. In this review, we have discussed different strategies of HI in rice particularly focusing on recent progress made for developing haploid inducer stock (HIS) by employing both conventional and modern approaches. It also focuses on future implications of HIS so that it can be incorporated in the pipeline of modernized rice breeding.
“…GFP-tailswap-tagged female chromosomes are lost during early zygote divisions, creating a high frequency of paternal haploid embryos along with aneuploid (~30 %) and normal diploid embryos. In the future, this scheme of haploid induction can be applied to other important agricultural crops (Tek et al, 2015).…”
The discovery of the ability of some mutations to stimulate haploidy during hybridization made it possible to create one of the most promising and sought-after trends in the f ield of reproductive biology. Haploid inducers created on their basis are capable of increasing the frequency of haploidy up to 15 %. The improvement of the existing haploid inducer lines and the search for new genes that contribute to a high frequency of haploidy are underway. Along with these studies, the f ield of application of haploid inducers in genetics and plant breeding is expanding. Haploid inducers carrying R1-nj genes for anthocyanin pigmentation of the seed and embryo are able not only to mark the hybrid embryo and identify haploid genotypes, but also to detect genes that suppress the anthocyanin color of the grain, like C1-I, C2-Idf, and In1-D. Depending on their quantity, the phenotypic manifestation of the gene in the seed varies. Haploidy is widely used for accelerating hybrid breeding and obtaining both new maize lines with improved traits and their sterile counterparts. By introducing certain genes into the genome of the improved line, breeders can use the doubled haploid (DH) breeding technology to accelerate the creation of pure lines carrying the desired gene. Haploid inducer maize lines and their tetraploid analogs are used in the selection of rediploid maize lines by their resynthesis from tetraploid genotypes. In 2019, Syngenta Company synthesized a haploid inducer maize line carrying a CRISPR/cas construct capable of simultaneously stimulating haploidy and editing the genome at a specif ied DNA site. Thanks to this technology, it became possible to improve haploid inducers by introducing various CRISPR/cas constructs into the haploid inducer genome for editing any DNA site. Maize haploid inducers are widely used in doubled haploid wheat breeding. The f irst experiments showed that the most effective haploid inducer for stimulating haploidy in wheat is maize pollen. Researchers are intensively searching for other ways of using maize haploid inducers in plant breeding.
“…1) [40]. Attempts by N-terminal tail editing have been performed in diverse species [49], and HI has been successfully achieved in maize [48], tomato and rice [50]. Although the HI rates are relatively low (0.065–0.86% in maize, 0.2–2.3% in tomato, and 0.3–1.0% in rice), these experiments demonstrated the feasibility of HI by engineering the CENH3 N-terminal tail in monocotyledonous crop plants.Fig.…”
Section: Strategies To Modify Cenh3 For Himentioning
Simple and consistent production of haploid is always an appealing pursuit for both crop breeders and researchers. Although diverse strategies have been developed to produce haploids over the past decades, most of them are applicable in only a limited number of plant species. In 2010, Ravi and Chan reported that haploid
Arabidopsis thaliana
plants can be efficiently induced through the introduction of a single genetic alteration in centromere histone H3 (CENH3). Subsequent studies demonstrated that haploids can be efficiently induced either through genetic engineering of CENH3 N-terminal tail or histone fold domain or by replacing CENH3 with an ortholog. The mutation of a pollen-specific phospholipase gene,
MATRILINEAL
(
MTL
) has been revealed to trigger the haploid induction (HI) in maize, which present another promising HI approach by the editing of
MTL
in plant. Here, we review the progress of the CENH3-medialed HI and propose a revised centromere-size model by suggesting a competitive loading process between wild-type and mutant CENH3 during HI. This model can explain both the findings of HI failure when wild-type and mutant
CENH3
genes are coexpressed and the alien centromere loading of CENH3 in stable hybrids. In addition, we review the current understanding of
MTL
-mediated HI in plant. The conservation of
CENH3
and
MTL
in plants indicates wide potential application for HI. We discuss the utility and potential of these two methods in crops by comparing their mechanisms and applications to date in plants. This review will promote the study and application of both CENH3- and
MTL
-mediated haploid induction in plants.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (10.1186/s13007-019-0429-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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