Modification of Ceramic Surfaces Using Adsorption, Plasma and Sol-Gel Reactions

Smart, Roger St. C.; Arora, Pawittar S.; Braggs, B.; Fagerholm, Heidi M.; Horr, Thomas J.; Kehoe, David C.; Matisons, Janis G.; Ralston, John; Rosenholm, Jarl B.

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.111-112.361

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Apparatus . The plasma reactor used in this study was a sealed large glass cylinder evacuated by a rotary pump to a vacuum of 10 -3 torr, and was similar in design to instruments used in other studies. − A radio frequency electromotive force (emf) was applied to parallel copper bands (electrodes) attached to the outside of the glass reactor vessel. The kaolinite sample (2 g) was evenly spread on a glass plate, which was then placed in the middle of the reactor chamber between the copper electrodes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of this low ion energy, the field energy in a RF plasma process is delivered to the substrate in the form of bombarding ions promoting surface chemical interactions but relatively low heat generation at sub-surface levels . Recent studies have shown that even under very moderate RF plasma treatment, the surface damage to a substrate can be significant. − It has been found that ion bombardment resulting from RF plasma treatment not only changes the surface morphology of the impinged substrate, but also modifies other substrate surface properties, such as wettability and reactivity. − Other physical effects resulting from the ion bombardment including collision cascade, moderate local heat, and diffusion are often regarded as negligible for RF plasma treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has a general formula Al 4 Si 4 O 10 (OH) 8 with a layered structure in which each layer consists of a siloxane tetrahedral sheet and a gibbsite-like octahedral sheet, and the individual layers are joined through hydrogen bonding . The siloxane layer is regarded as relatively inert and the gibbsite layer and edge sites (i.e., SiOH, AlOH) exhibit weak acidic and basic properties. , As an important industrial mineral, kaolinite has been widely used in paper coating, ceramics, and fillers. , A previous study has shown that RF plasma modification can be successfully applied to increase the surface reactivity of kaolinite, although the mechanism of such an interaction was not clearly identified. The interaction between RF plasma and kaolinite surface may be a complicated phenomenon perhaps involving a number of processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[7][8][9][10] It has been found that ion bombardment resulting from RF plasma treatment not only changes the surface morphology of the impinged substrate, but also modifies other substrate surface properties, such as wettability and reactivity. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Other physical effects resulting from the ion bombardment including collision cascade, moderate local heat, and diffusion are often regarded as negligible for RF plasma treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19 The siloxane layer is regarded as relatively inert and the gibbsite layer and edge sites (i.e., SiOH, AlOH) exhibit weak acidic and basic properties. 18,20 As an important industrial mineral, kaolinite has been widely used in paper coating, ceramics, and fillers. 21,22 A previous study has shown that RF plasma modification can be successfully applied to increase the surface reactivity of kaolinite, 18 although the mechanism of such an interaction was not clearly identified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Radio-Frequency-Plasma- and Ion-Beam-Induced Surface Modification of Kaolinite

2001

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Modification of the surface of kaolinite mineral particles was carried out in nitrogen, argon, helium, and air environments using the radio frequency (RF) plasma technique. The modified surfaces of the kaolinite were investigated by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to determine the surface speciation, the nature of the newly formed surface functional groups, and the interaction mechanism between the RF plasma and the kaolinite surface. Comparison with Ar + ion beam modification of kaolinite has established that the surfaces of kaolinite undergo low-energy ion bombardment with very limited sputtering in the presence of the Ar plasma but with no observable ion implantation. Surface restructuring with modified bonding is implied by this evidence. The steady-state charge behavior and surface structure of the kaolinite processed in the RF plasma showed significantly different characteristics from those of both the untreated kaolinite and an ion-beam-treated kaolinite. New infrared (IR) absorption bands were observed on the surfaces of RF-plasma-treated kaolinite at 1407, 2805, 3010, and 3100 cm -1 , along with some broad, partially resolved absorption bands which occurred near 1440 and 3280 cm -1 . The intensities of the newly formed IR bands were a function of the period of plasma treatment and the energy applied but were generally independent of the nature of the gas used for the plasma treatment. They are attributed to plasma-induced surface species arising from hydrocarbon contamination in the gas phase. In contrast to ion beam modification, the skeletal vibrations of the kaolinite lattice are not measurably affected in plasma treatments implying that restructuring, giving rise to the new IR bands, is confined to the surface layers.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Radio-Frequency-Plasma- and Ion-Beam-Induced Surface Modification of Kaolinite

2001

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The Effect of Solvent and Fiber Treatment on the Deposition of Organic Silane Solutions Using THF and Acetone

Watson

Kaunisto

Gustafsson

et al. 2001

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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Ureidosilanes on E-glass fibres: deposition and surface characteristics

Watson¹,

Kaunisto²,

Rosenholm³

2002

Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology

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The behaviour of methoxy-and ethoxy-ureidosilanes deposited onto E-glass bres from both organic and aqueous solutions is reviewed.°-Ureidopropyltri(m)ethoxysilanes are used as coupling agents for paints to metal surfaces, but they have not found much use as coupling agents for E-glass bres. On metal surfaces, the silane is deposited with the ureido-functional group outermost, available for reaction with a paint / polymer matrix. On E-glass surfaces, however, unless speci c conditions are employed, ureidosilanes tend to deposit with a highly cross-linked siloxane surface. The silanol groups condense not only with silanols of adjacent silanes and the E-glass surface, but also with aluminium hydroxides leached from the E-glass surface. This forms a highly cross-linked aluminosiloxane outer layer. The aluminosiloxane forms at all pHs between 4 and 10, and also when a range of organic deposition solvents is used. 29 Si-NMR results are presented which illustrate the high level of condensation; silane to silicate binding via the amino group was not detected. A small proportion of Si O Si (silane-glass) bonds was inferred, indicating that a small number of sparsely distributed Si O Si links bound the silane to the surface. Electrokinetic analysis of the surfaces con rmed patchy deposition with a siloxane outer surface. Using AFM and ab initio calculations, it was estimated that the patchwise deposition of the silane was in the form of bilayers (or multiples of bilayers). The bilayer structure consisted of siloxane outer layers, with the inner ureido layers forming hydrogen bonds. A graphical t using the mole and volume fractions of silane and organic solvents con rmed the various types of siloxane surfaces as deposited from different organic solvents. Chlorinated solvents tended to produce a ureido outer surface, which was condensed, but solventswollen; deposition from alcohol and acetone resulted in a siloxane surface. Toluene and THF both produced minimally condensed ureido surfaces, which were easily removed by washing with methylene chloride.

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Modification of Ceramic Surfaces Using Adsorption, Plasma and Sol-Gel Reactions

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Comparison of Radio-Frequency-Plasma- and Ion-Beam-Induced Surface Modification of Kaolinite

Comparison of Radio-Frequency-Plasma- and Ion-Beam-Induced Surface Modification of Kaolinite

The Effect of Solvent and Fiber Treatment on the Deposition of Organic Silane Solutions Using THF and Acetone

Ureidosilanes on E-glass fibres: deposition and surface characteristics

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